Their stories reveal how easily postpartum symptoms are dismissed and how fiercely Black women must trust their intuition to survive.

The Clue Hidden in Anjellica’s Breathing

Shortly after giving birth, Anjellica Davis began noticing changes she could not explain. Walking across a room left her breathless. Climbing stairs felt impossible. Even talking took effort. She was exhausted in a way that rest did not touch, and her chest carried a heaviness she could not shake. Her body felt unfamiliar.

She tried to fold it into the story of new motherhood. New mothers are tired. New mothers swell. New mothers push through. She kept pushing because she did not want to seem dramatic or ungrateful for motherhood. But her body kept insisting that something was wrong.

“I kept telling myself it was normal postpartum exhaustion, but deep down I knew something was off.”

Postpartum cardiomyopathy is often mistaken for the fatigue of new motherhood. It is a form of heart failure that disproportionately affects Black women and can be deadly when overlooked. Anjellica spent weeks questioning herself before someone close to her finally said what she had been afraid to admit. This is not normal, and you need help.

Motherhood in Survival Mode

When doctors told Anjellica that her heart was failing, her world shifted. Medication was not enough, and a transplant was becoming the best option.

She had just become a mother, and suddenly she fought to stay alive. Grief threaded through every part of her life, grief for the postpartum experience she imagined, the body she trusted, and fear of a future she might never reach.

“I did not have the luxury of processing it,” she says. “I was in survival mode. I was trying to be present for my baby while facing the possibility that I might not be here to raise him.”

Her son became her anchor, giving her something to hold onto on the hardest days.

A New Understanding of Maternal Health

Anjellica’s experience reshaped her understanding of maternal health and the inequities Black women face. “Black women are often not heard quickly enough,” she says.

“Symptoms are minimized. Pain is normalized. Exhaustion is dismissed. If I had not pushed and questioned, my outcome could have been very different.”

She now sees maternal health not just as a medical issue but as an equity issue, and she speaks openly about listening to your body, advocating for yourself, and trusting the intuition so many new mothers are taught to ignore. If something feels wrong, it probably is.

Erin’s Mysterious Headache

Erin Adelekun’s story begins with a headache she rated a six or seven out of ten. She blamed it on exhaustion. She had just given birth, was up every two hours feeding her daughter, and was barely sleeping. Her pregnancy had been healthy. She had no high blood pressure and no complications.

A stroke was not even a possibility in her mind.

“I didn’t know a stroke could happen to someone like me.”

When she mentioned the headache at discharge, the doctor told her to take Tylenol. COVID protocols pushed hospitals to send patients home quickly, and staff believed going home posed less risk than staying. She trusted that if something were wrong, someone would say so.

The next day, her arm dropped and her words tangled. Something inside her went still. And then she remembered a stress ball she had been given, the one printed with four letters she barely noticed at the time: F.A.S.T.

Face. Arm. Speech. Time.

She had glanced at it once and moved on. Now those letters snapped into place. They told her exactly what was happening. She was having a stroke.

That moment of recognition is what saved her life.

Relearning Life While Raising a Newborn

Erin’s stroke left her with aphasia, a condition that kept her mind sharp while her words slipped out of reach. She knew exactly what she wanted to say, yet the connection between thought and speech felt broken. So, she learned to communicate in new ways, relying on gestures, communication charts, long pauses, and a patience she never expected to need.

Conversations became slower, heavier, something she had to work her way through rather than speak.

“I was a born communicator who could not communicate,” she says. “It was frustrating and humbling.”

She needed full-time care for two years. The loss of independence cut deep, and even though she had survived something many do not, she still felt like she had failed.

“I went from giving birth to needing full-time care myself.”

Her village carried her through. Her husband, family, and friends cared for her daughter while her therapists helped her relearn how to walk and talk.

Finding Her Voice Again

Aphasia reshaped Erin’s relationship with communication. She learned to speak up in medical settings and to trust her body. She also learned that being quiet can be dangerous.

“I do not minimize my symptoms anymore,” she says.

“If something feels off, I say it clearly. I do not sugarcoat it.”

She now teaches others the signs of stroke. She teaches her children and her community because she knows firsthand that knowledge is survival.

What Survival Looks Like Now

For both women, survival is not a single moment but a daily practice that lives in their bodies, their spirits, and the choices they make to keep going.

Anjellica protects her heart with rest, boundaries, and a long view of her health. “Surviving changed everything,” she says. “Motherhood now includes boundaries, grace, and listening to my body without guilt.”

Erin stays anchored through her appointments, her medication, her movement, and her peace. “Taking care of myself is part of taking care of my daughter,” she says.

Their stories are both warnings and reminders. They show how urgently the world must listen to Black women when they speak about their health, how deeply postpartum care must reach beyond delivery, and how community and medicine together shape survival.

And they show, without question, that when Black women say something feels off, the world must not ignore them.

The post The Body Knows: Two Mothers Who Survived the Unthinkable appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Number 1: It’s The Silent Killer

Heart disease is known as the silent killer, and cardiovascular disease kills more women than all forms of cancer combined. Yet only 44% of women recognize that cardiovascular disease is their greatest health threat.

Number 2: All Ages Are Impacted by Heart Disease

Heart disease is not something that only impacts older adults; it can impact us at any age. In fact,  59% percent of Black women ages 20 and over are living with some form of cardiovascular disease.

Number 3: Your Weight Can Be a Factor

Almost 57% of Black women have obesity, making them the highest percentage among all racial, ethnic, and sex groups. Excess weight can strain the heart, raise cholesterol, and increase inflammation, ultimately making it a major driver of heart disease.

Number 4: Undiagnosed Diabetes Increases Your Chances of Heart Disease

Black women are more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes. High blood sugar damages blood vessels over time, which accelerates plaque buildup and sharply increases the risk of heart disease.

Number 5: We Are at a Higher Risk of Strokes

Stroke prevalence is highest among Black women (5.4%) compared with all women (2.9%). Stroke and heart disease share the same underlying issues of having blocked or damaged blood vessels. This means high stroke rates signal elevated cardiovascular risk overall.

Number 6: Hypertension is a Contributing Factor

When was the last time you checked your blood pressure? 4% of Black women have high blood pressure, one of the highest rates worldwide. Hypertension forces the heart to work harder, weakens arteries, and is the leading cause of heart attacks and heart failure.

Number 7: Giving Birth Puts You at an Increased Risk

Cardiovascular disease is the 1 killer of new moms and accounts for over one-third of maternal deaths. Black women have some of the highest maternal mortality rates.

Number 8: Preeclampsia & Gestational Diabetes Are Also Factors

If you have high blood pressure, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes during pregnancy, it greatly increases a woman’s risk for developing cardiovascular disease later in life.

Number 9: Lower Estrogen Levels in Menopause

Low estrogen, particularly during menopause, increases heart disease risk in Black women by reducing cardiovascular protection, leading to higher LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, increased blood pressure, artery stiffening, and greater inflammation.

Number 10: Women May Not Receive CPR

Women are often less likely to receive bystander CPR because rescuers often fear accusations of inappropriate touching, sexual assault, or injuring the victim.

Knowing your risk is the first step to prevention. Use these facts to start conversations, make informed choices, and take control of your heart’s health. By making small changes today, you can protect your future and live a heart-healthy lifestyle. Click here to learn more.

Sources:

Heart Disease and Black Women: Risk, Factors, Prevention Strategies

Heart Disease and Stroke in Black Women

Unsettling Risk of Heart Disease in Black Women

Working Together to Reduce Black Maternal Mortality

Facts | Go Red For Women

A Heart to Heart About Cardiovascular Disease

The TRUTH about  African American Women and Heart Disease

Diabetes and Heart Disease

Risk Factors in Women

The post 10 Things Black and Brown Women Need to Know About Heart Disease appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is Congestive Heart Failure?

According to the Mayo Clinic, heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. When this happens, blood often backs up and fluid can build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath. If you have CHF, your heart can’t supply enough blood to meet your body’s needs.

When asked about his initial symptoms, Reid said, “Maybe over the last year or so, I started to feel more fatigued than before. And then when you feel that shortness of breath, sleeping a lot, more than normal…I think you just chalk it up to getting older, the road is harsh, doing the old kick step.”

In July 2025, the Class Act actor’s symptoms worsened, which led him to the emergency room at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles. where he received the shocking diagnosis. Other symptoms can include:

• Shortness of breath with activity or when lying down.
• Fatigue and weakness.
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet.
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
• Reduced ability to exercise.
• Wheezing.
• A cough that doesn’t go away or a cough that brings up white or pink mucus with spots of blood.
• Swelling of the belly area.
• Very rapid weight gain from fluid buildup.
• Nausea and lack of appetite.
• Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness.
• Chest pain if heart failure is caused by a heart attack.

The American Heart Association reports that having at least one of the following risk factors may increase the risk of developing the condition. They include coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, thyroid problems, metabolic syndrome, and getting older.

The Initial Treatment Prescribed for Reid Didn’t Work

Treatment for congestive heart failure often involves lifestyle changes and medications. Initially, Reid was given medication to treat his condition. When he returned for a three-week follow-up with his cardiologist, Dr. Erika Jones, she was immediately concerned. “He came in very swollen again, and that is a little unusual in somebody who’s been started on treatment, for the swelling to come back that quickly,” she told “GMA.”

Although he was scheduled to go out of town for a gig, Reid cancelled to undergo further testing. The results confirmed that his heart was failing and his condition was also impacting other organs. Dr. Jones urged him to return to Cedars-Sinai’s emergency room, where he was placed in the ICU.

A Heart Transplant Was His Only Option

The rapper learned his condition was quite serious, and he was placed on a transplant waiting list. Cardiothoracic surgeon, Dr. Laura Dichiacchio, told GMA the waiting list was crucial because Reid was in a life-or-death situation. He received a transplant nine days later.

Reid said he plans to cherish his second chance at life, saying, “This thing is … a beautiful life. It’s great. And, you know, I wanna be around for it.”

He also wants to encourage people of color to put their health first, a message that applies to his brothers in hip-hop, who often leave us too early. The American Heart Association says Black adults account for 50% of heart failure hospitalizations among US adults under 50.

Resources

Mayo Clinic: Heart Failure

American Heart Association: Causes  and Risks For Heart Failure

The post Kid ‘n Play‘s Christopher Reid Reveals He Had a Heart Transplant appeared first on Black Health Matters.

TMZ reported that Norwood had been admitted to a Las Vegas hospital earlier this month. They attributed his admission to heart pains and a case of pneumonia.

 

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Details About His Heart Issues

The reality star shed light on the details behind the incident in the Instagram post. “I want to thank everybody for praying for me,” he stated, looking directly into the camera lens. “I was in a hospital. My heart’s only beating like 25 percent, but as long as I stay focused and stay on the right path, then everything will be all right, so thank you for all your prayers.”

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States of America. “One person dies every 34 seconds from cardiovascular disease,” according to the Centers for Disease Control.

The American Heart Association reports that the amount of heart function that is considered “normal” is “between 55% and 70%.” Anything lower than that could potentially indicate severe damage to the heart, which could come with serious side effects. The tests used to measure heart function include echocardiograms (commonly referred to as echos), nuclear imaging, cardiac catheterizations, and cardiac MRIs.

Black Men Are at a Higher Risk for Heart Issues

The Journal of the American Medical Association considers heart failure with reduced ejection fraction “a major public health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality.” According to the Office of Minority Health, “Black/African Americans were 35% more likely than the U.S. population overall to die from major heart and blood vessel disease.” Trends in cardiovascular disease risk in the U.S. have cited Black men as a particularly vulnerable population for adverse cardiovascular events. Research from the American Journal of Preventive Medicine places them as 65% more likely to have a heart attack or stroke.

Excessive Alcohol and Drug Use Can Increase Risks

In another since-expired video, which was ripped and migrated across social platforms, Norwood again referenced his health. He expressed regret for what he appeared to deem as excessive partying. “I shouldn’t have gone this hard,” he told viewers and another man who repeatedly entered and exited the frame before revealing that he had an upcoming appointment for further testing. Alcohol has been identified by the American Heart Association as a risk for cardiovascular disease, noting that “Drinking patterns, in particular binge and heavy episodic drinking, may modify the relationship between alcohol consumption and CAD risk.” Substance abuse of any kind can present physical health hurdles. Certain studies have even linked cannabis use to heart health risks. Norwood referenced heavy drinking in one of the videos he posted.

“Four or five bottles a day, 10 addys, f**ked my heart up on the right side right here,” he said, gesturing to his chest. “It’s like black, it’s like done.”

“2027 is definitely a wrap for me,” he added.

“Atherosclerotic heart disease and its antecedents pose the greatest risk for cardiovascular events for people prescribed stimulants,” per the Journal of Attention Disorders. “Stimulants are associated with increased risks of hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and stroke,” according to a 2025 article from the Journal of Substance Use: Research and Treatment. Prescription stimulants are particularly risky for older adults, according to a 2021 study from the Journal of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology.

Norwood made a few references to coconut water, which some perceive as a health tonic because of the potassium and electrolytes it contains, in the videos. He also shared his perspective on what he was thinking before his health challenges. He claimed he thought he was “undestructible.” “I could handle all the alcohol, I could handle all the adderall, I could handle all the drugs, but I couldn’t,” he continued. “It curved my time here. It curved it,” he added.

February is American Heart Month, an annual event that promotes heart health and raises awareness of the deadly threat of cardiovascular disease.

Resources

Centers for Disease Control

American Heart Association

Journal of the American Medical Association

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

American Heart Association

Journal of Attention Disorders

Journal of Substance Use: Research and Treatment

Journal of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology

The post Ray J Reveals His Heart Is Functioning at “25%” appeared first on Black Health Matters.

COVID-19

COVID-19 continues to circulate during the 2025-2026 respiratory virus season. According to the CDC’s Respiratory Illness Data Channel, national COVID activity is low but increasing, and the virus remains one of the primary contributors to winter respiratory illness alongside influenza and RSV.

Clinicians are also noting shifts in how COVID is showing up this season. In an interview with Parade, infectious disease experts reported that recent variants are causing more upper respiratory, cold-like symptoms rather than lower-respiratory pneumonia that was more common early in the pandemic.

COVID-19 Symptoms

The CDC notes that people with COVID-19 can experience a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Symptoms may appear 2 to 14 days after exposure and can include:

• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• New loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea

COVID-19 Vaccination

COVID-19 can still be serious, especially for older adults, people with underlying health conditions, and those who are immunocompromised. The CDC recommends a 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccine for people ages 6 months and older, based on individual decision-making, and emphasizes that vaccination is particularly important for adults 65 and older and others at higher risk for severe disease.

Influenza (Flu) 

Seasonal influenza activity remains elevated across the United States and continues to rise, according to the CDC’s latest surveillance data. The 2025-2026 flu season is shaping up to be rather severe, with widespread illness and rising hospitalizations reported across the country. Many states are reporting high or very high flu activity, and several regions are seeing sharp increases in emergency department visits and flu-related hospital stays.

The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that influenza A (H3N2) is one of the major strains circulating globally this season, and it has been associated with increased illness in several regions.

Flu Symptoms

Yale Medicine notes that flu symptoms can range from mild to severe and often begin suddenly. Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle or body aches
• Headaches
• Fatigue
•  Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Flu Vaccination

The CDC recommends a flu vaccine for everyone 6 months and older, with extra importance for adults 65+, young children, pregnant people, and those with underlying conditions. For 2025-2026, the Food and Drug Administration and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices introduced updates to flu vaccine options, including expanded age approvals.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

RSV is a common respiratory virus that can affect people of all ages, but it tends to cause the most severe illness in infants, young children, and older adults. According to the CDC, RSV activity is elevated in many parts of the country, with emergency department visits and hospitalizations increasing among children ages 0-4 this season.

RSV Symptoms

Symptoms usually appear four to six days after infection and may include:

• Runny nose
• Decrease in appetite
• Coughing
• Sneezing
• Fever
• Wheezing

RSV Vaccination

For the 2025-2026 season, the CDC recommends RSV vaccination for adults 75 and older, adults 50-74 at increased risk, and protection for infants through maternal vaccination or a one-time RSV monoclonal antibody dose before their first RSV season.

Protecting Yourself and Others

The symptoms of these viruses can overlap; to be accurately diagnosed, concerned patients should consult their medical professionals for laboratory tests. In addition to getting vaccinated, people can do a few things to protect themselves, such as:

• Wearing a well-fitting mask in higher-risk situations to reduce the spread of respiratory droplets.
• Utilizing air filters and promoting air circulation by opening windows.
• Cleaning frequently touched surfaces to reduce the spread of germs.
• Washing hands regularly with soap and water.

When trying to prevent the onset of respiratory diseases, the quality of being proactive should not be undervalued. Using one’s discernment is a priceless tool, as it is imperative to stay away from people who are sick; close proximity to illnesses can significantly increase the chances of exposure to a respiratory virus.

 Resources:

Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel | Respiratory Illnesses | CDC

Most Common COVID-19 Symptoms Right Now (January 2026) – Parade

Symptoms of COVID-19 | COVID-19 | CDC

Staying Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines | Covid | CDC

Weekly US Influenza Surveillance Report: Key Updates for Week 52, ending December 27, 2025 | FluView | CDC

New influenza variant is surging, but vaccination still our best bet: WHO | UN News

Influenza (Flu) | Fact Sheets | Yale Medicine

Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2025–26 Influenza Season | MMWR

Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel | Respiratory Illnesses | CDC

RSV Vaccine Guidance for Adults | RSV | CDC

Immunizations to Protect Infants | RSV | CDC

The post COVID-19, Influenza and RSV: Respiratory Triad Prevention & Peaks appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC), led by President Anthony Fletcher, MD, is confronting this crisis through its Every Heart Counts: ABC Cardiology Deserts Campaign.

What Are Cardiology Deserts

Dr. Fletcher describes a cardiology desert as “a community where people don’t have reliable, timely access to cardiologists or preventive cardiovascular care.” These deserts exist in both rural and urban settings. In rural areas, patients may travel long distances to see a specialist, while in cities, socioeconomic barriers and overburdened health systems often block access.

Barriers Beyond Distance

Even proximity to a clinic does not guarantee care. A recent ABC survey found that:

• One in four adults must travel 10 to 20 miles to see a heart specialist, particularly in Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, and Mississippi.
• Twenty two percent of respondents said they tried but could not secure a cardiology appointment.
• Nearly one in five Black adults have never received a basic heart screening.

Knowledge gaps add to the challenge. Forty percent of Americans surveyed had no prior awareness of the two major types of cholesterol. HDL is commonly referred to as good cholesterol, and LDL is commonly referred to as bad cholesterol. Among Black respondents, that number rose to 54 percent. Only about one third of adults know their own cholesterol levels.

Changing Perceptions Through Trusted Voices

Dr. Fletcher notes that heart health involves more than treatment after a diagnosis; prevention is essential. Survey findings show that one in five adults believe they do not need heart care, with an emphasized prevalence among older adults, rural residents, and women. In response, ABC works with local leaders, churches, and community organizations to encourage screenings and preventive care. Fletcher explains that these community voices help make heart health feel safe and achievable.

Supporting Primary Care Providers

In many under-resourced areas, primary care providers are the only option for heart health. ABC equips them with training, tools, and resources to identify risks earlier and connect patients to appropriate care. With seed sponsorship support from Amgen, the campaign is already active in Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi, states where the need for preventive care is most urgent.

Building Long Term Change

For communities historically excluded from heart health conversations, long term change means breaking cycles of crisis care. ABC’s goal is to move from emergency interventions to sustained, equitable access to preventive screenings and education that reflect lived experiences.

A Call to Black Families

The numbers are shocking, nearly one in five Black adults have never received a cardiovascular screening. That means millions may be living with hidden risks. Dr. Fletcher urges families to learn their heart health history, schedule annual screenings, and regularly check blood pressure and cholesterol. These simple steps, he says, “can be lifesaving.”

Cardiology deserts are a national crisis, but they do not have to be permanent. With trusted voices and equitable access, ABC’s Every Heart Counts campaign is working to ensure that every heart truly counts.

Resources:

Association of Black Cardiologists – Saving the hearts and minds of a diverse america

FILE_4757.pdf

Missing Coordinates: America’s Cardiology Deserts | Amgen

The post Every Heart Counts: Tackling Cardiology Deserts appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Chronic illness affects millions, and more health experts now treat sleep as a key part of prevention and recovery. The CDC links sleep deprivation and sleep disorders to serious long-term health outcomes.

Diabetes

Studies show that short or disrupted sleep can raise the risk of type 2 diabetes. Sleep affects how the body regulates blood sugar, and poor sleep can lead to higher levels of hemoglobin A1c, a marker for long-term glucose control. Improving sleep quality may help people with diabetes manage their condition more effectively. Harvard Health notes that sleep loss disrupts insulin sensitivity and increases inflammation, both of which play a role in diabetes.

Heart Disease

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. It can make the body work harder overnight and raise the risk of high blood pressure, stoke, and irregular heartbeats. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute reports that treating sleep apnea can lower the chance of cardiovascular risk and improve survival. One common treatment is a CPAP machine, which helps keep airways open while you sleep. Studies show that using a CPAP can reduce the risk of dying from heart-related issues in people with moderate to severe sleep apnea.

Obesity

Sleep affects metabolism and appetite. Children and adults who sleep less tend to gain more weight. The CDC highlights that sleep loss can disrupt the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that controls hunger and energy use. This is especially important for kids, whose brains are still developing. Kids who sleep less are more likely to gain excess weight, and those patterns can carry into adulthood.

Depression

Sleep and mental health are closely linked. People who don’t sleep well are more likely to feel anxious, overwhelmed, or depressed. Another common sleep disorder is insomnia, which means having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early without feeling rested. In fact, sleep problems often show up before a mental health diagnosis. The same Harvard Health review found that teenagers with sleep issues developed depression 69 percent of the time and anxiety 27 percent of the time. Another study of young adults ages 21 to 30 showed that those with a history of insomnia were four times more likely to develop major depression within three years. Treating sleep disorders like apnea or insomnia can help ease symptoms and improve mood. That’s why sleep is now considered a key part of mental health care.

Emerging Insight

A global study of over 88,000 adults found that irregular sleep schedules, such as going to bed at different times or having a disrupted body clock, are linked to higher risks for dozens of diseases. These include liver damage and even gangrene.

Researchers say it is time to rethink what “good sleep” means. It is not about how many hours you get. It’s also about keeping a steady rhythm. That rhythm is called your circadian rhythm. It is your body’s natural 24-hour cycle that helps regulate sleep, energy, digestion, and immune function. When this rhythm is thrown off, it can trigger inflammation and raise the risk for chronic illness.

If you have been feeling off beat and restless, it may be time to take sleep seriously. Getting good rest is not a luxury. It is part of staying well. Talk to your doctor and consider tracking your sleep. Small changes can help your body recover what it’s been missing.

Resoruces:

Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disorders, and Chronic Disease

How sleep deprivation can harm your health – Harvard Health

Advancing Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Research

Phenome-wide Analysis of Diseases in Relation to Objectively Measured Sleep Traits and Comparison with Subjective Sleep Traits in 88,461 Adults

The post How Sleep Affects Chronic Disease appeared first on Black Health Matters.

We spoke with Antonia Walters, Co-Founder and CEO of Jayla Health, Inc., and Dr. Rachel Blake, Medical Advisor to Jayla Health, Inc., about what perimenopause really looks like and how culturally aware care can make all the difference.

Why Naming Perimenopause Matters

“When perimenopause is dismissed, Black women often end up suffering in silence for years,” said Antonia Walters. “Symptoms like heavy bleeding, brain fog, or fatigue can be brushed off as ‘just life,’ which delays treatment and increases the risk of more serious health issues, such as anemia or high blood pressure.”

She added, “For us, this stage is a health crossroads. Research from the SWAN study shows Black women tend to reach menopause earlier, experience longer and more intense symptoms, and face higher risks like fibroids and heart disease.”

Dr. Rachel Blake agreed. “When perimenopause symptoms are written off, particularly by healthcare providers, it truly endangers black women’s lives and livelihoods.”

What Support Should Look Like

“Supportive, culturally aware care means listening fully and meeting us where we are,” said Walters. “It looks like a provider asking about lived experience. Whether that’s how fibroids run in a family, or how cultural beliefs around menopause shape expectations.”

“It also means acknowledging systemic disparities. Black women are more likely to undergo hysterectomies, face misdiagnosis, or have symptoms dismissed as stress. Navigating these health risks requires more than just medical care. It needs understanding and care teams that reflect the women they serve.”

Dr. Blake added, “Culturally aware or culturally competent care takes into consideration the full lived experience of the patient in addition to their medical needs. It centers culture within discussions about goals of care, treatment plans, and even fears and anxieties about medical care.”

“For black women in particular, this is important given the historical context of racism and abuse in our healthcare system. This has unfortunately been passed down through generational trauma and must be considered in the care of every black woman.”

Hormone Changes Can Start Earlier

“I wish more of us knew that hormone changes can start earlier than expected, sometimes in the late 30s, and that symptoms don’t always look like hot flashes,” said Walters. “Subtle shifts like disrupted sleep, anxiety, or irregular cycles may be the first signs.”

“The SWAN study has shown that Black women often face heavier bleeding, more intense hot flashes, and longer symptom duration than White women. Understanding this helps us track what’s happening and seek support sooner, instead of wondering if it’s ‘just stress.’ With the right information and tools, we can take proactive steps to feel prepared instead of caught off guard.”

Dr. Blake said, “Throughout our 30s and even 40s, we are often hyper-focused on family planning. Be that childbearing and fertility, or contraception and pregnancy prevention.”

“I wish more Black women knew that during these times, particularly during our late 30s and early 40s, we also need to focus on our overall health. Many women don’t realize that hormonal health is an important component of overall health. Your hormonal health can be closely linked to your bone, heart, brain, and mental health.”

“So, by your overall health during your 30s and 40s, you can set yourself up to thrive during perimenopause, the menopausal transition and beyond.”

Testing That Reflects Your Cycle

“Our test is urine-based and measures follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which naturally rises as a woman approaches menopause,” said Walters. “It can be done at home every other day for five days, giving a fuller picture of hormone changes over time.”

“By contrast, most doctors use a blood test that captures only one point in time. That is, unless you have the time and money to go back repeatedly. The real value comes from pairing this data with a telehealth consultation led by a provider specially trained in perimenopause and menopause.”

“No single test can ‘diagnose’ perimenopause, but when results are combined with clinical expertise, the insights are powerful. And because 90 percent of our providers are women of color, patients also see themselves reflected in the care they receive.”

Dr. Blake said, “Jayla’s FSH test is performed in the comfort of your own home, which, for many women, may be easier and more convenient than getting the test done at a physician’s office.”

“FSH can fluctuate over the course of the menstrual cycle, so this type of serial testing is beneficial to obtain a clearer picture of what is happening inside each woman’s body. Following up this hormone testing with a telehealth consult helps patients to understand their results and really put this result into context with their overall symptom profile and menopause journey.”

Care That Doesn’t Dismiss You

“Jayla is building care that goes beyond prescriptions,” said Walters. “We’re a full-stack model that combines testing, telehealth, pharmacy, and education in one place.”

“For Black women, stress, systemic barriers, and the ‘weathering’ effects of discrimination influence our health journey. We’re intentional about making care seamless and supportive so that women don’t feel left behind.”

“Our approach is rooted in science but also in lived experience, recognizing that hormones influence every part of life. Ultimately, our goal is to modernize women’s healthcare. That means care that is accessible, relatable, and trustworthy. Too many of us have been underserved for far too long.”

Dr. Blake added, “All of Jayla’s providers are certified by the Menopause Society, which means that they can counsel patients about the full range of perimenopause and menopause symptoms and treatments.”

“Jayla providers are certified by the Menopause Society and specialize in perimenopause and menopause care. They follow evidence-based guidelines and take every symptom, question, and concern seriously during this often-confusing time.”

That kind of care is expert, evidence-based, and culturally aware. It is exactly what Black women deserve. Ready to take the next step? Jayla Health’s 2-minute quiz can help you get matched with perimenopause care that fits your needs.

Resources:

Expert Perimenopause Care – Jayla

Disparities in Reproductive Aging and Midlife Health between Black and White women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) | Women’s Midlife Health | Full Text

Quiz – Jayla

The post Jayla Health Knows Perimenopause appeared first on Black Health Matters.

This phase before menopause affects hormones and can throw off your cycle, energy, and sense of balance. We spoke to Dr. Nicole Sparks, an OB-GYN and lifestyle content creator, about what to expect and when to speak up.

 The First Signs of Perimenopause

Perimenopause often begins subtly. Hormone levels shift, and these changes can manifest in various ways, such as trouble sleeping, mood swings, or irregular menstrual periods. Many people assume it is stress or aging, but these symptoms may be your body’s way of signaling something more specific.

“Some of the signs and symptoms associated with perimenopause are vague and non-specific,” says Dr. Sparks. “So, you may attribute them to stress or ‘getting older’ when it may be more serious than that. Hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and irregular periods are some of the first signs patients present with.”

She adds, “It’s ok to have occasional irregular periods. Maybe you’ve started exercising more than usual, or were traveling, and your period came early or late. But if you notice a pattern of persistent irregular periods and symptoms over time, that’s when you should seek help.”

How Perimenopause Impacts Black Women Differently

“Most women start having symptoms of perimenopause in their mid to late forties, but some experience them as early as their thirties,” says Dr. Sparks.

“Perimenopause usually lasts four to eight years and ends when you’ve gone one full year without a period.”

For Black women, the timeline may be earlier and the symptoms more intense. “Studies show that perimenopause can begin earlier in Black women,” she says. “Because of chronic stress and socioeconomic factors, symptoms like irregular periods, sleep disturbances, and hot flashes may be dismissed as normal, and women may not seek help.”

How Shifts in Estrogen Impact Hair, Weight, and Hormones.

Estrogen is often regarded as a reproductive hormone, but it also plays a crucial role in hair growth, metabolism, and the body’s fat storage. During perimenopause, as estrogen levels begin to decline, these systems start to shift in noticeable ways.

“All of the symptoms during perimenopause and menopause tie directly back to a decrease in estrogen,” Dr. Sparks explains.

“Estrogen helps promote the active growth phase of hair follicles. When it decreases, follicles stay longer in the resting phase, and you may notice increased shedding and thinning.”

Estrogen also affects metabolism and the body’s fat storage. “You may notice your metabolism slowing down in your late thirties and early forties,” she says. “You’re burning fewer calories at rest. Fat storage shifts, especially to the abdomen. And when estrogen drops, so does your insulin sensitivity, which can lead to weight gain and increased appetite.”

Estrogen also helps maintain bone strength, so when levels fall, the risk of osteoporosis increases. That is a condition where bones become weaker and more likely to break. Supporting your body with calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing movement like walking or resistance training can help protect your bones during this transition.

They Also Affect Our Mood, Brain, and Mental Health

Hormonal shifts during perimenopause also influence brain chemistry, including neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. These are chemical messengers that help regulate mood, focus, and emotional stability.

Estrogen helps your brain produce and utilize serotonin, which supports emotional stability and sleep. It also affects dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in motivation and attention.

Progesterone works with calming systems in the brain that help you feel settled and sleep well.

When these hormones start to rise and fall unevenly, it can throw off how your brain handles emotions, focus, and stress.

“It’s not all in your head, and you’re not alone,” says Dr. Sparks. “Serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters that help regulate mood. When estrogen and progesterone fluctuate, you may feel irritable one minute and fine the next.”

She continues, “You may notice brain fog, struggling to find words or remember lyrics, and have difficulty concentrating.

These hormone shifts can contribute to anxiety and depression. Add in sleep disturbances and insomnia, and it can make everything feel worse.”

Sleep Disruptions

Sleep changes during perimenopause can mean trouble falling asleep, waking up too early, or feeling unrested. Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone also influence melatonin, the hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

When melatonin is disrupted, your body may struggle to determine when it is time to wind down.

Simple changes, such as maintaining a regular bedtime, limiting screen time before sleep, and avoiding caffeine late in the day, can help. If insomnia persists, consult your doctor about treatment options tailored to your needs.

Can It Impact Your Diabetes or Hypertension?

“If you are living with diabetes or high blood pressure, it’s important to know how perimenopause can affect your conditions,” Dr. Sparks says. “Estrogen is a protective factor for our heart. When levels decline, it increases your risk for cardiovascular disease, which is the number one cause of death in Black women.”

She explains that lower estrogen can also lead to insulin resistance, which affects how well your body manages blood sugar.

“These changes can lead to higher blood pressure, higher blood sugar, and increased weight gain. Let your doctor know if you start to notice shifts in these numbers.”

Perimenopause often overlaps with the onset of chronic conditions. Bone density, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels can shift without apparent symptoms. Regular checkups and updates to laboratory tests, such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c, can help detect changes early and guide your care.

Pregnancy Can Still Occur

Perimenopause doesn’t mean pregnancy is off the table. Ovulation can still happen, even if cycles are irregular or symptoms are hard to track.

Birth rates among women in their late 30s and early 40s have continued to rise, as more people choose to start families later in life.

This unpredictability can be stressful. If you’re trying to conceive, it may take longer and require fertility support. If you’re not trying to conceive, it’s worth reviewing your birth control options. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends seeking an infertility evaluation after six months of trying if you’re over 35, and before trying if you’re over 40.

Advocating for Better Care

“You aren’t married to your doctor,” says Dr. Sparks. “If your concerns are being dismissed, find a new provider. It’s unfortunate, but many women aren’t taken seriously when they bring up perimenopause.”

She encourages preparation. “Advocate for yourself. Bring a list of symptoms and why you’re concerned. Keep a diary so you can be specific. Ask if your symptoms could be related to perimenopause and what that means for your health.

“Make sure your labs, blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes screenings are current. If they aren’t, request updates. And if your provider still doesn’t listen, don’t hesitate to get a second opinion.”

You do not have to wait until things get worse. If you are noticing changes in your cycle, mood, sleep, or energy, start tracking them. The more specific you are, the easier it is to get answers and the care you deserve.

Resources:

About Nicole – Nicole Alicia MD

Evaluating Infertility | ACOG

The post This Is What Perimenopause Feels Like appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Cost of Caregiving

The caregivers in our communities are managing medications, coordinating appointments, cooking, cleaning, and offering emotional support. They’re doing all this while working jobs, raising children, and navigating a healthcare system that often fails them. And they’re doing it with little rest, little recognition, and almost no room to breathe.

In 2025, more than 63 million Americans are family caregivers, according to a report by AARP and the National Alliance for Caregiving. But Black caregivers are carrying more than their share of the weight. As stated by The Senior Alliance, Black caregivers spend about 1.3 more years in caregiving roles than the national average and devote over nine extra hours per week to caregiving tasks. The percentage of Black women in caregiving roles is 6% higher than the national average.

And while Black caregivers are just as likely as others to be caring for a relative, those relatives are 25% less likely to be their parents. That matters. It shows how caregiving in our communities isn’t only about caring for mom or dad, it’s about stepping in for siblings, cousins, aunties, or elders who aren’t blood but are still family. Being there for others, not just those who raised you. It’s who needs you.

The Toll on Body and Mind

Caregiving is often framed as noble, but rarely as depleting. That needs to change.
According to Forbes, caregivers experience significantly higher rates of health problems than non-caregivers. These include elevated blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disorders, and chronic stress-related illnesses. Depression and anxiety rates among caregivers are two to three times higher than in the general population.

And the longer the caregiving continues, the deeper the toll. As reported by AARP, one in five caregivers now rates their own health as “fair” or “poor.” A quarter are taking on debt, and one in five cannot afford basic needs like food.

This is not sustainable. And for Black caregivers, the stakes are even higher.

Black Women Are Holding It Down, At a Cost

Black women are overrepresented in care work, both paid and unpaid. While Black men also show up as caregivers, the burden falls most heavily on the women in our communities.

According to the National Partnership for Women & Families, if their unpaid caregiving hours were compensated, their labor would be worth $80 billion annually.

Unfortunately, that labor is undervalued. Black women are more likely to be the sole caregiver in their household, more likely to care for multiple people, and more likely to do it without paid leave or outside support. They’re also more likely to delay their own care, push through exhaustion, and internalize the idea that rest is something you earn, not something you need.

The result? Higher rates of stress-related illness. More missed doctor’s appointments. More caregivers are getting sick themselves and have fewer opportunities to recover, reset, or even be seen. Caregiving isn’t the enemy. But ignoring its toll is. By identifying its stressors, we make space for caregivers in our communities to be cared for, not just relied on.

What Self-Care Really Means And Why It’s So Hard

Let’s be clear, self-care isn’t only bubble baths and scented candles. It’s not a marketing slogan. It’s the act of preserving your health, your sanity, and your identity in the face of relentless demands.

For Black caregivers, self-care often feels impossible. There can be guilt and pressure involved.

You might find yourself saying:

• “We take care of our own in this family.”
• “If I don’t do it, who will?”
• “I promised I’d always be there.”

These beliefs are rooted in love, but they can lead to burnout, resentment, and serious health consequences. It’s time to challenge them.

Reclaiming Self-Care

Self-care starts with honesty, not just about what you need, but about what’s getting in the way.

Are you skipping meals? Ignoring your own doctor’s appointments? Feeling resentful but afraid to say it out loud? You’re not alone, and you’re not failing. You’re human.

Recognize That You Matter

You’re not just a caregiver. You’re a whole person. Your health, your joy, your rest. They matter. Don’t postpone them for “someday.” Prioritize them now.

Name What You Need

Just like those you care for, your needs shift. Day to day. Moment to moment. Whether it’s sleep, support, a good meal, time, or silence, you’re allowed to name it, claim it, and act on it.

Ask for Help Without Apology

Be specific. Ask a friend to run errands, ask a sibling to take a shift, or ask your community to show up. People often want to help; they need direction. You’re incredible for stepping into the caregiving role, but no one should expect you to be a superhero. Put down the cape and lean on your community.

Protect Your Health

Schedule your appointments. Take your medications. Eat nourishing food. Drink water. Sleep. Your body isn’t a machine built to serve others. It needs care too. And you already know how to care deeply. That wisdom applies to you as well.

Find Joy in Small Moments

You may not be able to hop on a plane and escape your worries, but joy lives in the everyday. Five minutes of quiet. A walk with your thoughts. A playlist that makes you sing every word. Joy isn’t always prescribed, but it is medicine. And you deserve to feel it.

Join a Support Network

Seek out caregiver groups that reflect your experience. As recommended by The Senior Alliance, culturally affirming support networks offer connection, validation, and practical help.

Challenge the Guilt

Guilt in caregiving is rooted in lies. It tells you rest is wrong. That asking for help means you’re failing and that your worth is tied to how much you overextend. Here’s the truth. You are worthy. Even when you’re resting, or when you’re not “doing,” and especially when you’re simply being.

A Message to Black Caregivers

You are the backbone of so many families. The ones who show up when it’s hard, when it’s thankless, and when no one else does. But you are also human. You’re allowed to be tired. You’re allowed to need care. And you’re absolutely allowed to put yourself first. Because when you do, everyone benefits.

Self-care isn’t a luxury. It’s a necessity that looks different for every individual, and it’s time we treated it that way. You deserve to take up space, not just in caregiving, but in your own life. So today, take one intentional step toward yourself. Trust your voice and honor your needs.

Resources

Caregiving in the US 2025: Key Trends, Strains, and Policy Needs

The Senior Alliance

The Toll Of Caregiver Stress When Caring For Aging Parents

Caregiving in the US 2025 – Research Report

Black Women and the Care Agenda | National Partnership for Women & Families

The post Caregivers, Be Good to Yourself appeared first on Black Health Matters.

It found that there were significant risk factors associated with both the smoking of marijuana and the ingestion of marijuana.

Cannabis Use Is On The Rise

“Over the past several decades, more than half of all U.S. states have legalized cannabis for adult and/or medical use, but it remains illegal at the federal level,” according to the National Academy of Sciences. The legalization of marijuana has increased its on-the-record usage. What used to be contained in secret parking lot handoffs is now a more straightforward transaction. People can stop off at the corner and pick up some sativa pre-rolls or a package of indica gummies on their way home from work. This has led to increased cannabis consumption. A 2022 study found that daily marijuana usage was even outpacing routine alcohol consumption.

Heart health is a significant concern for the Black community. Black people have disproportionate rates of adverse heart health outcomes, making even slight additional risk factors extremely dangerous.

Cannabis Today Is Different Than Before

If you choose to indulge and feel a tsunami of high where you used to feel a drizzle of calm, there’s a reason for that. Cannabis is far stronger than it was. Users’ tastes have evolved, and growers are meeting their desires. Plants have been modified for maximum effect as a result. The New York Times reports that “with more people consuming more potent cannabis more often, a growing number, mostly chronic users, are enduring serious health consequences.”

There are other risks associated with cannabis in addition to vascular threats. “The heavy and prolonged use of cannabis has been linked to several adverse health effects such as memory impairment, issues with executive functioning, and increased risk for developing a mental illness,” according to a 2022 article in Current Addiction Reports.

Neuroscientist Yasmin Hurd told the Times, “There’s a difference in legalizing the original cannabis on the planet and the products that exist today.” The Academy advocated for a public health campaign to advise vulnerable publics about the dangers associated with marijuana.

Cannabis Usage Should Be Discussed With Your Doctor

Cannabis has long been thought of as a casual way to relax. It treats chronic pain, insomnia, and social anxiety disorder.

But it might be smart to check with your doctor before adding it to your dopamine menu.

It is still considered a drug. It should be consumed mindfully. “It’s not as risk-free as we think, and it should be part of your discussion with a healthcare provider,” advised Dr. Hakeem Ayinde, MD, MS, FHRS, Internal Medicine Section Chair of the National Medical Association. Ayinde is board-certified in cardiovascular disease.

“If you think about this as a drug, it has its risks, as we have seen, and it may have some benefits as we’re aware,” he told Black Health Matters. “You may get immediate stress relief, but then you’re exchanging one problem for a way bigger problem,” he added.

Ayinde witnessed an instance of myocardial infarction that puzzled him during his residency. Cannabis use was involved. “He didn’t have any of the typical risk factors,” said Ayinde.

“The only thing I saw that stood out was that he smoked cannabis.”

He suspected it was a factor. But the available research was limited at the time. “I couldn’t find very strong evidence at that time,” he explained. The research gaps have since been filled, and Ayinde’s suspicions have been confirmed.

Cannabis Consumption Could Be An Invisible Risk Factor

A 2023 study from the Journal of the American College of Cardiology connected frequent cannabis use with an increased risk for coronary artery disease.

The Journal of the American Heart Association previously explored the association of cannabis use with cardiovascular outcomes among adults in the United States. It found that cannabis use raised the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Its findings were consistent with other studies that reported that a higher rate of usage resulted in increased risks, and “There were significant differences in the distribution of cardiovascular events between respondents reporting daily, nondaily, and nonuse of cannabis, with the lowest point estimates among the nondaily users.”

The study argued that patients should be screened for cannabis use.

Resources

Journal of the American Medical Association Cardiology: Association of Endothelial Dysfunction With Chronic Marijuana Smoking and THC-Edible Use

National Academies of Sciences: To Protect Public Health, Federal Government Should Provide Guidance to States that Have Legalized Marijuana, Close Hemp Regulatory Loopholes, Create Public Health Campaign

pbsorg: Daily marijuana use is now more common than daily alcohol use in the U.S., new study finds

The New York Times: As America’s Marijuana Use Grows, So Do the Harms

Current Addiction Reports: Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder: Implications for Researchers.

Dysmenorrhoea: Can Medicinal Cannabis Bring New Hope for a Collective Group of Women Suffering in Pain, Globally?

Medicinal cannabis for the treatment of anxiety disorders

 Journal of the American College of Cardiology Association of Cannabis Use Disorder With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Journal of the American Heart Association: Association of Cannabis Use With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Adults

The post Can Cannabis Threaten Your Cardiac Health? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What Is Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most common inherited conditions in the United States, affecting roughly 1 in 250 adults, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unlike traditional high cholesterol, FH begins at birth and causes dangerously elevated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels that clog arteries early and aggressively.

What Is LDL and Why Is It Called “Bad”?

LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein, which is a type of particle that carries cholesterol through your bloodstream. Cholesterol itself isn’t all bad; it helps build cells and produce hormones. But when LDL carries more cholesterol than your body needs, and if there’s too much, it starts to stick to the walls of your arteries.

Over time, this buildup forms plaque, which narrows the arteries and makes it harder for blood to flow. That’s how LDL contributes to heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems. It’s not “bad” because of what it is, it’s “bad” because of what it does when it’s out of balance.

The American College of Cardiology recommends that individuals without heart disease aim for LDL levels of 100 mg/dL or lower. For those at high risk, including people with FH, they suggest even lower targets:

• Under 70 mg/dL for individuals with prior cardiovascular events.
• Under 55 mg/dL for those at very high risk.

Our Community is Living the Consequences

Research continues to show that FH outcomes differ sharply across racial groups. Black Americans, in particular, are underdiagnosed and undertreated, leading to a higher risk of severe outcomes like heart attacks and stroke.

A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that only 61% of Black patients with FH are prescribed cholesterol-lowering medications, compared to 73% of white patients. That disparity matters, and unfortunately, cholesterol doesn’t wait for equity.

The same study highlighted additional challenges:

• 82% of Black adults with FH also have high blood pressure (vs. 50% of white patients).
• 39% live with diabetes (compared to 15%).
• 16% are current smokers, nearly double that of their white counterparts.

A Larger Pattern of Risk

High cholesterol is one thread in a much larger fabric of cardiovascular risk in our community. The American Heart Association’s 2025 Statistical Update reveals that:

• Almost 60% of Black adults live with some form of cardiovascular disease.
• Over half of all heart failure hospitalizations in adults under 50 involve Black patients.
• Stroke rates are highest among Black men and women, with 5.4% of Black women and 4.8% of Black men affected.

It’s not that these numbers are inevitable; it’s that FH isn’t being caught early, and many providers still rely solely on lifestyle assumptions instead of screening for genetics.

Kids Are Being Missed Too

FH doesn’t just show up in adulthood; it’s there from the start. The CDC recommends screening children between the ages of nine and 11 if there’s a family history of early heart disease or cholesterol issues. But only 30% of kids born with FH are diagnosed early, and for Black children, the delays are even longer.

When a parent has FH, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it. That means genetic testing and early cholesterol panels should be routine, but they’re not.

Getting the Right Treatment Isn’t Always Easy

For most people with high cholesterol, doctors prescribe statins, medications that help lower those numbers and reduce the risk of heart problems. But when cholesterol stays high because of a genetic condition like FH, statins often aren’t enough.

That’s where newer treatments come in. Medications like Praluent and Repatha are part of a group called PCSK9 inhibitors. They’re designed to help the body remove stubborn LDL cholesterol, the kind that clogs arteries even when people eat healthy and exercise. These drugs can make a real difference for people with FH, but without a confirmed case of FH, especially through genetic testing, doctors often won’t prescribe them. And that’s where the gap widens.

A 2025 study published in The American Journal of Human Genetics found that only 27.7% of Black patients received a documented genetic diagnosis, compared to 63.1% of white patients, suggesting that our community is routinely overlooked for the very testing that opens the door to these advanced medications.

Breaking the Cycle

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is often overlooked, especially in Black communities, where delays in diagnosis are common and access to advanced treatment is inconsistent. Knowing your numbers and being proactive can make a real difference. Here’s where to begin:

• Getting a full lipid panel, including LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and, if available, apolipoprotein B.
• Asking about FH directly, not all providers bring it up.
• Encourage your family to get screened, especially younger relatives.
• Pushing for genetic testing if cholesterol levels are high, even with a healthy lifestyle.

The silence surrounding FH isn’t solely a medical issue; it’s systemic. And it’s time to name it, track it, and treat it with the urgency it deserves. Your numbers matter. Your family history matters. And your voice in the exam room can change everything.

Resources

About Familial Hypercholesterolemia | Heart Disease, Family Health History, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia | CDC

2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Nonstatin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee | JACC

Racial Disparities in Modifiable Risk Factors and Statin Usage in Black Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Cardiovascular health risks continue to grow within Black communities, action needed | American Heart Association

Testing for Cholesterol | Cholesterol | CDC

Exclusion-based exome sequencing in critically ill adults 18–40 years old has a 24% diagnostic rate and finds racial disparities in access to genetic testing: The American Journal of Human Genetics

The post There Are Racial Differences in Inherited High Cholesterol appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Types of strokes

Hemorrhagic: caused by a weakened blood vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the brain.

Ischemic: caused by a blockage, like a clot in a blood vessel

The three types of heat strokes

Exertional heat stroke: caused by strenuous physical activity in hot and humid conditions

Non-exertional heat stroke: caused by the body’s ability to cool itself being overwhelmed by environmental heat.

Vehicular heatstroke: most commonly found in kids, caused by being trapped in a vehicle under extreme heat conditions.

Who is at risk for heat stroke?

Age: Older adults aged 65+, pregnant individuals, kids

Sex: Female

Ethnicity: Between 2005 and 2015, emergency department visits for heat-related causes increased the most by African Americans at 67%, followed closely by 63% for Hispanics,  and 53% for Asian Americans. Just  27% of white individuals visited the emergency room during that same period, according to a report in the Wilderness and Environmental Medicine journal.

Health conditions: chronic conditions such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.

How to tell the difference between a heat stroke and a stroke?

Symptoms of a stroke

• Numbness or weakness in one side of the body
• Arm weakness
• Trouble speaking
• Vision problems
•  Difficulty maintaining balance
• Severe headache

Symptoms of heat stroke

• Fever of 104°F or greater
• Hot and dry skin
• Fainting
• Changes in mental status, such as confusion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Flushed skin
• Coma
•  Seizures
•  Rapid breathing

What to do if somebody is showing symptoms?

Stroke: When somebody is suspected to have a stroke, it is essential to act F.A.S.T.

F.A.S.T. stands for facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, and time to call 911.

To test for facial drooping, ask the person to smile and see if one side of the face droops.

To test arm weakness, ask the person to raise both arms and see if one arm drifts down.

To test for speech difficulties, ask them to repeat a simple phrase and see if they can say the phrase clearly.

Finally, if someone is showing one or more of these symptoms, call 911 immediately.

It is important to keep F.A.S.T. in mind, as the CDC states that only 38% of American adults knew to call 911 when somebody was showing signs of a stroke.

Heat Stroke: Call 911 if the person is experiencing symptoms of heat stroke.

Then, you can move the person away from the heat immediately and remove any excess clothing they may be wearing. You can also cool the person with whatever is available in the meantime. This can include placing ice packs on the person, spraying them with a hose, and immersing the person in a cool tub of water. If the person loses consciousness, begin CPR.

The post Is it Heat Stroke or a Stroke? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Charmaine Jones, MS, RDN, LDN Food Jonezi

This content was made possible through an independent grant from Merck & Co., Inc

Black Health Matters Editorial Director Corynne Corbett and Charmaine Jones, MS, RDN, LDN, discussed the ways nutrition can help decrease cancer risks during the Black Health Matters Spring Health Summit & Expo.

Research shows that nutrition plays a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. In 2025,  the Future Healthcare Journal article reported that “Dietary risk factors are among the leading contributors to poor health.” In 2021, the American Journal of Public Health found that “Poor diet is known to increase cancer risk and mortality.”

An unhealthy diet is also associated with recognized risk factors for diabetes, heart disease, and certain forms of cancer. Additionally, certain types of metabolic diseases are precursors for cancers that disproportionately affect Black Americans. A diet that includes imbibing alcohol places an individual at a higher risk for cancer as well. Professional assistance can help a person develop and maintain the healthy eating habits they need to attempt to mitigate their risk factors. The conversation focused on the struggles of managing these health challenges alone and shared the benefits of asking for help. Those needing nutritional guidance can choose between a nutritionist and a registered dietitian to meet their needs.

Jones explained the difference between registered dietitians and nutritionists to the audience assembled in the University of the District of Columbia Student Center. “There are several nutrition professionals. You may have heard of a nutritionist, a wellness coach, and a health coach. Sometimes, your trainer at the gym may say he or she is a nutritionist. A nutritionist could be anyone. They could be self-proclaimed as a nutritionist because they received some certification,” she explained. “They have a background in nutrition and can have common knowledge.”

“But a registered dietitian is a medical nutrition expert who can help and support you when you have a chronic disease,” Jones continues.

“A chronic disease could be, for example, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or kidney disease. When you have been diagnosed with a chronic disease, you should always go to a registered dietitian; A dietitian has medical nutrition therapy practice. That means we can support you medically when addressing your nutrition issues.”

Jones emphasized the need for personalization in nutrition plans. “When someone comes to me and says, ‘Hey, I’ve been diagnosed with diabetes,’ I cannot give that person a general diabetic diet. I have to customize it because everyone is different,” she explained. Everyone’s goals are different. You may want to lose weight. This person may want to build muscles. This person has diabetes. This person has high blood pressure.”

Jones pointed out that part of finding a good dietitian is looking for a relatable provider. She said someone who looks like you may not always understand your experience. Cultural competence is critical. She suggests asking for a short consultation with a potential provider where you can ask some questions to apply to your particular needs.

“If they are talking to you in a way that makes you uncomfortable, it’s okay to move on, and if the second person makes you uncomfortable, move on,” Corbett says.

“A lot of people look at registered dietitians as food police,” said Jones.

“If you feel like that dietitian is turning up their nose because you eat a certain way, move on,”

Jones instructed attendees.“A dietitian who is culturally competent should be able to say, If you like this, I can give you this, but let me show you how to make it healthier.”

She says while dietitians receive the same training, they don’t all focus on the same areas of specialization. To find qualified professionals in your area, go to www.eatright.org.

An adverse relationship between a dietitian and their client can hurt the client’s nutritional goals. A study, “Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy,” published in 2019, found “that dietitians should focus on individualizing nutrition care, gaining a holistic understanding of their patients and knowing/understanding each patient.” It also found the benefits of the client and dietitian working together instead of in opposition through shared decision-making, “an interactive process where both parties contribute equally to the consultation and patients are actively engaged in decision-making.”

Corbett asked Jones about going plant-based. Many people are advised to go completely plant-based without knowing what works. “I’m not discrediting vegan and vegetarian [diets]. But some people need that bioavailability of iron right then and there, when you’re eating a plant-based diet, you tend to have to eat a little bit more to meet those nutritional needs,” explained Jones. She said that while it is a good starting point for prevention, it might not be the best path for those with certain chronic diseases. “If you are thinking about going plant-based, check with your doctor,” she advised.

As a rule, Jones never recommends specific foods for anyone she has just met. “When someone comes to me and says, ‘Hey, what should I eat?’ I say, ‘I have to see your labs.

If someone tells you to eat fruits and vegetables, you want to run,” Jones says. She explained that she wouldn’t tell someone with irritable bowel syndrome to eat raw kale because their condition impacts their digestive system and reminded the audience that customization is key.

Not all insurance plans cover dietitians, or the number of visits you might need. But there are still ways to get started.

If you do have insurance, for example, Corbett suggests using your appointment(s) to develop customized meal plans and other strategies that may help you through your stumbling blocks.

“Some insurance does not cover a lot of medical nutrition therapy; there are a lot of free resources out there,” Jones says. “A lot of dietitians work in community-based organizations.”

Jones suggested the following resources:

USDA My Plate

The American Heart Association

The American Diabetes Association

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Snap ED

According to Jones, no matter your state of health, one thing is consistent across the board: “Stay away from fad diets because they’re not sustainable; you will always be on the yo-yo.” She also cautions against getting tips from what she called “medical doctor TikTok, nurse Instagram, and dietitian Facebook.”

Watch the session:

For more information on working with a dietitian, check out this stories:

Why You Need to Work With A Dietitian to Achieve Your Weight Loss Goals

Resources:

FoodJonezi

Future Healthcare Journal 

American Journal of Public Health

Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy

USDA My Plate

The American Heart Association

The American Diabetes Association

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Snap ED

The post An Ounce of Prevention: How Nutrition Can Save Your Life appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Corynne L. Corbett, Editorial Director, Black Health Matters, Dashaun Johnson

 Cee Nicole, MD, MSW, Magan Ester, RDN

Healthcare professionals Cee Nicole, MD, MSW, Magan Ester, RDN, and trainer Dashaun Johnson joined Black Health Matters Editorial Director Corynne L. Corbett to discuss nutrition and exercise for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight to lower the risk of chronic health conditions and cancer. They encouraged the Black Health Matters 2025 Winter Health Summit & Expo audience to resolve to make a step toward positive change.

Diabetes and heart disease are most commonly associated with obesity, but people with obesity also have a higher risk of 13 cancer types, including breast, colorectal, and liver cancer. Magan Ester called for us to understand what the Doctor says and why they recommend mammograms, colonoscopies, or other screenings.

Shame can prevent education. “Some of us don’t always feel comfortable saying, Hey, wait, Doctor such and such, I didn’t really understand what you just said. Can you please stop and explain that to me?” said Dr. Nicole. “Sometimes, it’s a lack of understanding that holds us back.”

Seeking professional help was encouraged. Nutritionists can help us determine the right path to reach weight loss goals by helping to understand the unique challenges we face. Corbett noted the importance of personalization in lifestyle changes. “If you have a chronic disease, some of the things we’re saying may be different for you,” she told the audience. Easter added, “Make sure you have a core team with a physician and a dietician because you cannot rely on social media (for advice).

Corbett also stressed the importance of education about the science behind obesity. The Journal of the American Heart Association reports that “In the United States, overweight and obesity are chronic diseases that contribute to excess morbidity and mortality. Despite public health efforts, these disorders are on the rise, and their consequences are burgeoning.”

Those consequences are not distributed equally. Comorbidities disproportionately impact Black communities. This is particularly distressing because “there are significant racial and ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence rates, with African Americans being 51% more likely to be obese,” according to the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, and “Black Americans have the highest mortality rates in the U.S. from chronic diseases, it is important to understand the combinations of obesity-related health behaviors that coalesce into health lifestyles for this group,” per the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

The panel provided many solutions for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight and wellness, noting that wellness is not just physical. Mental and spiritual health are included in the “Eight Dimensions of Well-Being” shared by Easter.

Optimizing those dimensions looks different for everyone. “Nutrition is a very personalized thing. The person next to you on either side will probably not have the same nutritional needs as you,” Ester added. “Try not to look at everybody else as the same, and that’s why it’s important to see a dietitian or someone in the field who is an expert on looking at you individually and saying what you need.”

It can be worth working through discomfort to get the tools required to live a healthier lifestyle for ourselves and our loved ones. The Doctor is there to help you. It is okay if you do not understand them fully. Keep asking questions until you are satisfied that you have what you need.

Johnson has been promoting overall wellness for more than a decade. He facilitates “senior body sculpting” with flexible fitness programs that are adaptable for seniors looking to improve their health. The routines he offered can be completed anywhere. He admits his impressive fitness routine would not work for the average person. He encouraged the audience to adapt their exercise routines to incorporate methods they will likely stick with.

Optimizing those dimensions looks different for everyone. “Nutrition is a very personalized thing. The person next to you on either side will probably not have the same nutritional needs as you,” Ester added. Try not to look at everybody else as the same, and that’s why it’s important to see a dietitian or someone in the field who is an expert on looking at you individually and saying what you need.”

His comments clarified the need to take a realistic approach to prioritizing fitness. He demonstrated how easy it can be to incorporate exercise into your day by leading the room in a series of core contractions. He explained that every move throughout the day impacts one’s “range of motion.” Johnson’s parting words compared our bodies to our cars, with a need to warm up every day. He recommends a five-minute stretch in the morning and before bed each night. Nutritional education can help achieve health goals as well. “Most people don’t know how to eat on the go,” Johnson said. He shared that there are smarter options available in fast-food restaurants. “When you go to these restaurants, there are alternatives that we can dig into, but we go for what’s convenient and faster versus taking the time to minimize those mistakes,” he continued.

Dr. Nicole thinks the “clean plate rule” is a huge mistake that does not leave room for personalization and intuition. “You don’t have to eat all these meals all day because we do not work and exude that many calories all day. And it is okay to wait until your body says, I’m hungry,” she said.

The post Rewind the Session: Exploring the Impact of Nutrition & Exercise on Your Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

However, researchers also reported that the association between television viewing and heart disease was not observed among physically active individuals who met at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week.

This suggests that exercise may mitigate some of the risks associated with binge-watching (though others remain).

“TV watching occurs at the end of the day where individuals may consume their biggest meal, and people may be completely sedentary with hours of uninterrupted sitting until they go to bed,” lead study author Jeanette Garcia said in a news release.

The study said TV viewing is the most prevalent sedentary behavior in the United States. Given that African Americans report watching 20-30 percent more TV than white Americans, researchers have suggested that reducing TV viewing could be a target for improving health outcomes.

“Eating a large meal and then sitting for hours at a time could be a very harmful combination,” said Garcia, a kinesiology and physical therapy professor at the University of Central Florida in Orlando.

“Snacking may also be an issue, and, unfortunately, individuals typically do not snack on fresh fruits and vegetables but rather potato chips or other sweet or salty, high-calorie foods,” she said. “At a desk job, workers often get up, go to a copy machine, talk with a colleague, go to a meeting or the break room. It’s not hours of uninterrupted sitting.”

The study saw no correlation between sitting at work and a risk of heart disease, matching findings from other researchers.

Researchers said excessive TV time is probably harmful for any racial or ethnic group, and they plan to study further why it might be a more harmful sedentary behavior.

Meanwhile, Garcia said doctors might want to ask their patients about their TV-watching habits. Those who like to watch TV can take preventive measures, such as walking, to offset the health risks.

Growing evidence has linked sedentary behavior to several risk factors for heart disease and stroke, including high blood pressure, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes. “Black Americans at all ages disproportionately experience higher rates of heart disease and stroke as well induce a greater risk for cardiovascular disease. This translates to a lower life expectancy by about five years compared with whites.”

Researchers reviewed data on 3,592 adults enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study, an ongoing community-based study following African Americans living in Jackson, Mississippi. Television habits, hours spent sitting at a desk, and exercise were self-reported. During a follow-up period of more than eight years, there were 129 cardiovascular disease events, such as heart attacks, and 205 deaths.

Study participants who reported spending more time sitting at work were more likely to be female, younger, have a higher body mass index, and have a higher family income.

They also ate a healthier diet and engaged in more moderate physical activity. They were less likely to smoke or drink a lot of alcohol.

On the other hand, those who watched several hours of television were more likely to report lower incomes and education status, lower physical activity, a higher BMI, and high blood pressure. They were also more likely to be a current smoker, have unhealthy eating habits, and drink heavier amounts of alcohol.

Nearly one-third reported watching less than two hours of television daily, another 36 percent reported watching two to four hours, and 31 percent said they watched more than four hours.

A more recent study published in 2024 in the Journal of General Medicine tracked television viewing habits of both white and Black participants beginning in their 20s to see how they impacted strokes, heart attacks, and other serious coronary events.

In an interview with US News & World Reports, the study’s lead author, Dr. Jason Nagata, an associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, shared some key findings:

The post Excessive TV Time Linked to Heart Risk in Black Folks appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Research presented last year at the American Heart Association, Lifestyle, and Cardiometabolic Health Scientific Sessions studied 8-hour-time-restricted eating among 20,000 adults.

They found a 91% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. If the person had cancer or cardiovascular disease, this increased the risk of death in comparison to eating in a 12-16-hour window.

“We were surprised to find that people who followed an 8-hour, time-restricted eating schedule were more likely to die from cardiovascular disease. Even though this type of diet has been popular due to its potential short-term benefits, our research clearly shows that, compared with a typical eating time range of 12-16 hours per day, a shorter eating duration was not associated with living longer,” said senior study author Victor Wenze Zhong, Ph.D., a professor and chair of the department of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai, China.

“It’s crucial for patients, particularly those with existing heart conditions or cancer, to be aware of the association between an 8-hour eating window and increased risk of cardiovascular death.

Our study’s findings encourage a more cautious, personalized approach to dietary recommendations, ensuring that they are aligned with an individual’s health status and the latest scientific evidence,” Zhong continued.

The study authors do not say that IF causes CVD but advise caution. If you have a chronic health condition, it is imperative to talk to your HCP before embarking on any weight management program, even if it doesn’t involve new foods or medicine.

The Risks of Intermittent Fasting When You Have Obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition examined intermittent fasting (IF) compared to alternate-day fasting (ADF) and traditional caloric reduction for patients with overweight and obesity. It concluded that observational studies were lacking in the research.

According to the study, “We suggest that increased loss of lean mass, circadian misalignment of food consumption, and/or compromised food quality may underpin the adverse effects of IF on cardiovascular health in genetically predisposed individuals.”

However, you may not know if you are genetically predisposed, so consult an HCP.

They further reported that limited eating windows may prompt food choices that are satisfying rather than nutritionally balanced. They noted that individuals doing IF experience an uptick in sugar intake and a decrease in fiber and meat consumption, and they may pack in more calories overall in that 8-hour window. If reward eating gets out of control, LDL cholesterol, a CVD risk factor, will also increase.

The study showed that the loss of lean muscle mass is another risk of IF. “An RCT in patients with overweight or obesity found that a 12-week hypocaloric TRE regimen led to a greater loss of lean mass compared to a conventional hypocaloric diet,” the study reported.

“The reduction in lean mass accounted for approximately 65% of total weight loss, notably higher than the typical 20–30% range observed with standard hypocaloric diets, and primarily involved loss of skeletal muscle mass. Reduced muscle mass has been associated with an increased risk of CVD, as well as cardiovascular events and mortality,” the study concluded.

The authors strongly suggest caution in employing this long-term dietary strategy for cardiovascular health.

Eating Dinner Later Increases Your CVD Risks

Nature published a third study, which explored the times of first and last meals of the day and increasing fasting duration with the risk of CVD of 103,389 participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort.

Researchers found that each additional hour delayed the time of the day’s first meal, which was associated with a higher risk of overall CVD. The study found that the longer the participants delayed their first meal, the greater their associated risk of overall CVD. In addition, they saw a 20% increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in those who ate their last meal the latest—from 8% for those who ate before 8 PM to 28% for those who ate after 9 PM.

The risks internment fasting may cause to your heart help are unknown and may make getting and keeping consistent weight loss results difficult. If you want help exploring your weight management options, talk to your doctor about seeing a dietician or a weight loss specialist.

The post What You Eat (And When) Can Affect Your Weight & Heart appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Breast cancer is the number one cause of death among Black women in the U.S. In fact, according to the study. Black women under age 75 have a 38 percent higher mortality rate than their white counterparts

Unfortunately, this is consistent with poor health outcomes from Black women in areas such as cardiovascular disease and stroke, diabetes, and maternal mortality.

The report suggests that the same things that have improved overall cancer mortality rates, including better and earlier screening and aggressive treatment and clinical trials, have not been as accessible to Black women in this country. Health equity advocates are sounding the alarm on behalf of Black women.

Ifeoma Udoh, Executive Vice President of Policy, Advocacy, and Science  at the Black Women’s Health Imperative, says that the screening standards set by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF)’s recommendations “often overlook the specific health needs of Black women.”

The official updated guidelines suggest screening every two years beginning at age 40, a change from previous recommendations that recommended starting at age 50. Being screened and diagnosed earlier has marked progress, but Udoh says it isn’t enough. She says, “It insufficiently addresses the unique challenges and earlier risks faced by Black women.” Often, Black women develop more aggressive cancers, and often at younger ages.

Magnolia Contreras, Vice President of Community Health at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) in Boston, says many reasons for the disparities in health outcomes must be addressed. Some are about access, and others could be physical. “Often, Black women have denser breasts,” she says, which can make them harder to screen. “We have hope for continued progress in treatment because science is moving so fast,” Contreras says.

She and Udoh agree that there is a vital role for clinical trials that include Black women. Historically, Black women have not participated in trials and are significantly included in data gathering and analysis.

While advances are being made in cancer treatment, Udoh says, “trials that don’t have a large enough cohort of Black women won’t have enough data.” She says the data should not be generalized—in other words, there is no one sized fits all. “it will take institutions to double down on behalf of Black, Brown, urban and rural women,” and with the uncertainties in federal funding of research and access to care, within the new administration things could get worse. “But we must remember that the Feds are not the only sources of funding.”

Contreras says that DFCI works closely with individuals and communities on access and affordability. She also says that DFCI has a valuable confidential tool on its website called Assess Your Risk that can help any woman assess her potential risk for breast and cervical cancer. “Women can print it out and share it with their own providers,” Conteras says.

Consider the ways that you can manage your risks on your own.

• Here’s what you need to consider doing starting now
• Take time to know your family health history.
• Does cancer run in your family?

Talk to family members on both sides of your family.

• Many women make the mistake of only looking into their mother’s side of their families.
• But breast cancer risks can be passed down from the paternal side of your family.
• Find a doctor or provider you feel comfortable with and set regular appointments. It is always best to have that first visit before you need it. While you are there, schedule your annual mammogram.

Financially, it is easier to get screened if you have health care coverage through your employer, Medicaid, or Medicare.

• But if you are currently uninsured, check out your options within the Affordable Care Act or programs in the community that offer low or no-cost mammograms and other cancer screenings. Many areas even have mobile mammogram vans that offer free screenings.,

 Tweak your wellness and lifestyle.

• Clean your diet by reducing salt, sugar, and processed foods, including sodas. Give up smoking, manage stress, and get into a regular exercise routine to reduce your risk for heart disease, cancer, obesity, and other chronic diseases.
• Also, reduce your consumption of alcohol, which can increase your cancer risks.

The post When Cancer Rates Drop, But Not For Black Women appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Meet Dr. Joel Bervell

Dr. Joel Bervell’s “Medical Mythbuster” aims to tackle medical misinformation and healthcare disparities. He passionately advocates health equity, making complex topics accessible and engaging for all. Beyond his dedication to digital education, he is committed to mentoring the next generation of healthcare professionals. Below, Dr. Bervell shares his perspective on health education and leadership development.

About The Journey

Dr. Bervell, a Ghanaian American & 2024 TED Fellow, has dedicated his career to dismantling healthcare disparities, a journey ignited by personal loss. At an early age, Joel understood that inequities in healthcare existed not only globally but also in the United States. Joel often discusses implicit bias and how it can be inescapable for Black students in particular. Still, his accounts of bias and microaggressions in school settings fueled his passion for advocacy by pushing back against stereotypes, asking the tough questions, and advocating for equitable systems.

About The Next Generation of HCPs

Dr. Bervell is a graduate of Washington State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine.

Passionate about empowering the next generation of medical leaders, he is the founder and director of the Coug Health Academic Mentoring Program (CHAMP), a program dedicated to increasing the number of underrepresented students interested in the medical profession.

“My college professors and mentors reminded me of my worth and how important it was for me to be in these spaces,” says Dr. Bervell. “A setback is only a setup for a comeback,” he adds, often advising. Dr. Bervell’s experiences with strong mentors and sponsors strengthened his determination to pivot from mentee to mentor for the next generation of Black medical students and healthcare professionals who need guidance and support. He also co-founded the nonprofit HUGS, dedicated to empowering the next generation of high school global leaders.

About the ‘Medical Myths’ Future of Health Equity

Dr. Bervell’s advocacy extends far beyond his personal experiences, as demonstrated by his thorough understanding of the historical and societal factors that shape healthcare disparities. “Health equity is about understanding why these disparities exist beyond the medical aspect.” “Redlining, climate change, and food deserts are a few examples of factors that directly tie into health equity and disproportionately affect the Black community,” notes Dr. Bervell. “Redlining has forced some Black communities into certain areas that impact issues like asthma or cancer; the same goes for access to feeding zones or food deserts,” he says.

Dr. Bervell’s work sparks critical discussions around how our social determinants impact our health—where we live, work, shop, and eat—and how all are directly tied to health equity. Within the healthcare system, it sheds light on issues like race-based medicine, clinical trial (under) representation, and even technological biases stemming from devices that don’t work on (or were never tested on) darker skin tones.

Through his active and engaging social media presence, TED Talks, and speaking engagements, Dr. Bervell aims to educate communities and inspire the next generation of healthcare professionals. Ultimately, he hopes to foster a broader public understanding that healthcare isn’t objective but is shaped by historical and systemic barriers. The more we understand them, the more we can advocate for change and achieve true health equity.

Meet Dr. Brittny Randolph

Also known as “Dr. Britt,” she is a Psychiatrist, U.S. Air Force Captain, and mental health advocate dedicated to creating safe spaces for healing and addressing health disparities in underserved communities of color. A graduate of the University of Florida College of Medicine, she specializes in general psychiatry with a compassionate, patient-first approach.

About The Journey

Dr. Brittny traces her journey to medicine back to her childhood upbringing in Dorchester, Massachusetts. Growing up in a single-parent household with five siblings, Dr. Brittny was exposed to the challenges of adversity, trauma, and mental illness within her family and her community.

Her experiences as a youth fueled her desire to serve underserved communities and people that look like her. With initial dreams of becoming a pediatrician, her clinical rotations led her to a deep connection to psychiatry, where Dr. Brittny shares that it felt “aligned with her values.”

Dr. Brittny found her calling to advocate for the most vulnerable and stigmatized community members. This, coupled with her personal struggles with mental health, only solidified her decision to pursue this newfound path in her medical career journey. “I didn’t choose psychiatry; psychiatry chose me,” she adds.

About Mental Health Destigmatization

“People with mental illness are some of the most underserved, misunderstood, stigmatized, disenfranchised members of society,” shares Dr. Britt. This notion confirmed that she needed to do the work in this space to advocate and help break down the stigma of mental health, specifically in the black community. Cultural stigmas in our community often prevent individuals from seeking help. Dr. Britt believes that open conversations are key to breaking down these stigmas and encourages individuals to speak up and speak out about their personal experiences.

Dr. Britt emphasizes that “you can have mental health struggles and still have a full life.” Her “advocacy work stresses the importance of acknowledging and addressing trauma in the black community, shifting away from the cultural norm of “pushing through” and towards a focus on wellness and healing.

As discussions surrounding mental illness become more accepted and normalized in our society, social media, entertainment, and even faith-based communities, Dr. Britt firmly believes that creating more safe spaces for healing will further reduce the stigma surrounding mental illness in Black communities and our society at large.

About Her Advocacy Work

Beyond the clinic, Dr. Britt is committed to breaking down barriers to mental health care, which is why she is deeply connected to her work with the Holding Space Foundation, a nonprofit associated with Therapy for Black Girls, to support Black women and girls in tending to their mental health and helping to train mental health professionals on how to best care for this community. Dr. Britt’s dedication to the mental health field as a psychiatrist and an advocate reflects her unwavering commitment to breaking down barriers and improving mental health access for all.

Meet Dr. Cedric “Jamie” Rutland

Dr. Rutland is a triple-board-certified Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Internal Medicine physician and the owner of Rutland Medical Group, a busy private practice in Newport Beach, CA. The healthcare powerhouse is on a mission to breathe life into medicine (literally) through his dedicated work as a clinical educator, international speaker, and media consultant, making complex medical topics accessible and engaging.

About the Journey

Family experiences with illness and healthcare access at a young age influenced Dr. Rutland’s path to becoming a pulmonologist and critical care physician.

From watching his grandfather struggle with emphysema to his grandmother’s lifelong tracheostomy, Dr. Rutland was exposed to the realities of unequal access to quality care in black communities.

This ignited his passion to gain a deeper understanding of pulmonary disease and work to dismantle the systemic barriers that prevent individuals from getting the care they need and deserve. His work today is fueled by learning at an early age that access to adequate healthcare (or its lack thereof) can truly change the trajectory of one’s life.

About Health Equity in Pulmonology

On a mission to “breathe life into medicine,” Dr. Rutland’s work extends far beyond treating patients in the office. Understanding the power of communication, Dr. Rutland utilizes social media, television, academic conferences, and movie opportunities to reach diverse audiences and champion patient empowerment through education. “Breathing new life into medicine means educating the public because individuals want to understand how the body works,” shares Dr. Rutland. “My job is to allow individuals to understand what their bodies are experiencing through environmental impacts and the choices they make daily,” he adds. His targeted approach seeks to educate, empower, and influence patients to make informed decisions about their healthcare.

Dr. Rutland is a vocal advocate for health equity, particularly in the black community, where environmental factors like air pollution disproportionately affect lung health. He is a champion for bringing pulmonary care and education to underserved communities.

About The Advocacy

Dr. Rutland is dedicated to breaking down respiratory immunology and crafting compelling digital content, keeping him at the forefront of healthcare innovation. But he is also committed to empowering the next generation of Black physicians, as evident through his work with the Student National Medical Association (SNMA), an organization dedicated to supporting current and future underrepresented minority medical students, addressing the needs of underserved communities, and increasing the number of clinically excellent, culturally competent and socially conscious physicians. Dr. Rutland is genuinely invested in pouring into the next generation of medical professionals, especially young black students who face unique obstacles along their medical journey. Dr. Rutland’s career reflects an undeniable commitment to individual patients and the broader community, striving to enhance health education, expand access to quality care, and achieve health equity.

Celebrating Black History Month with FIGS

Throughout February, the Doctors have partnered with healthcare apparel brand FIGS to curate the “FIGS FAVES” Shop,” including their favorite products. FIGS will donate a percentage of each product to organizations working to expand access to healthcare for Black communities and inspire the next generation of HCP leaders. Learn more about the featured products and beneficiary organizations highlighted by the doctors here.

These healthcare trailblazers embody the very spirit of Black History Month through their dedication to expanding access, advocating for diversity, and mentoring future leaders. As we highlight these healthcare professionals for their remarkable contributions, their stories remind us that progress in healthcare access and equity is not only possible but inevitable when the work is driven by passion, purpose, and an unwavering commitment to serving the community.

The post Three Doctors Revolutionizing Healthcare Access for Us appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Perimenopause and Menopause

Women in their 50s often are baffled by unexplained weight gain. But Dr. Gabrielle Francis, a Naturopathic Doctor, says things started to change a decade earlier. “In your 40s, the engine’s winding down, and a lot of women have thyroid and adrenal depletion from go, go, going, and never recharging,” she explains. “This period of perimenopause, which is the ten years before menopause, can often feel like the rug’s being pulled out from underneath you if those backup generators are not doing the work that they need to do. A lot of the imbalances people feel in their 40s are coming from thyroid and adrenal issues and fluctuating hormone levels. And then there are factors like weight, lifestyle, diet, genetics, how our body metabolizes hormones.”

Lack of Sleep

A good night’s sleep to support the optimal health of someone 18-60 is between seven and nine hours a night. Those of us who are sleep deprived are more likely to have a poor lipid-protein profile, an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and are at risk for premature death.

Chronic sleep patterns of less than six hours in our community are associated with higher BMIs.

Not Consuming Enough Calories

No, we’re not talking about intermittent fasting, which last year was linked to a 91% increased risk of cardiovascular death. We’re talking about metabolic starvation or slowdown. When you skip meal after meal, you may lose weight at first, but the body adapts. It holds on to the fat it has and reduces its basal metabolic rate (BMR) in response to less calorie input and weight plateaus. And there are some noticeable side effects, too. Some symptoms to look out for include:

• bloating or constipation
• dry skin
•  brittle nails
• hair shedding
• loss of appetite

Self-Criticism and Negative Thinking

Finding early success with a weight loss program and then hitting a wall can cause some people with obesity to begin thinking negatively about themselves. According to a study published in Obesity Facts, “Many individuals enter weight loss regimes with cycles of early success followed by relapse, which can be associated with a sense of failure, inefficacy, shame, and self-criticism.”

The study authors believe that any approach to weight loss should consider a more comprehensive approach that includes ‘psychological issues, such as body confidence or attitude, depression, anxiety or self-esteem’ and ‘wider lifestyle factors such as sleeping patterns and stress management.’ They point out that few studies have examined clients’ self-evaluation process and the emotions that are tied to them.

Sometimes, we can block our success by how we talk to or about ourselves, and we need to reframe our mindsets for success. Too much self-criticism and anxiety could lead to gut issues.

“Well-being is a multidimensional, dynamic phenomenon that includes not just the absence of physical and mental illness but a subjective sense of happiness, satisfaction with life, positive psychological functioning, a perception of being connected to and accepted by others, and self-realization.” Self-care has to be an essential part of the solution.

Weight loss is a journey—tracking which, if any, of these factors is slowing your progress. Engage a healthcare professional to help you address your obstacles and give yourself some grace. Every small step you take toward healthy weight management pays dividends.

The post Four Things That May Impede Your Weight Loss Progress appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often treated as separate conditions, yet they are deeply interconnected.

People living with obesity are more likely to develop heart disease, even if they don’t currently have high blood pressure or other common risk factors. Understanding this connection can help shift the focus toward early weight management to protect our heart health for years to come.

How Obesity Drives Heart Disease Risk

Carrying excess weight, particularly around the abdomen, places added strain on the heart. Obesity can trigger inflammation, disrupt blood vessel function, and raise cholesterol levels. Over time, these effects contribute to conditions such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol.

These issues create a dangerous cycle as each condition further increases the risk of the others, ultimately increasing the likelihood of a heart attack, stroke, or other heart event.

Why Early Weight Management Is Crucial

Addressing obesity early can help break this cycle. Studies have shown that losing as little as 5% of body weight can lead to significant improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar control. These changes not only reduce immediate risk but also help protect the heart long-term.

Waiting until heart disease symptoms appear can make treatment more complex. By prioritizing healthy weight management sooner, we can take proactive steps to reduce the risk of developing heart-related conditions.

Breaking Barriers to Sustainable Weight Loss

For many of us, embarking on a weight loss journey can feel overwhelming, especially if weight has been a lifelong struggle.

To achieve lasting change, we must approach weight management with compassion towards ourselves and find support.

Taking small, realistic steps often produces better long-term results rather than extreme diets or strict workout plans.

We don’t have to do it alone. One simple step towards lasting change is partnering with our healthcare providers. This is a crucial first step. They can assess our current health, discuss goals, and recommend strategies aligning with our lifestyles.

By partnering with a trusted healthcare professional, we can gain the support and guidance needed to make sustainable changes to protect our heart health.

The Power of Knowing Our Risks

If we have a family history of heart disease, taking steps to manage our weight may help us avoid repeating that pattern.

Regular check-ups, blood pressure and blood sugar monitoring, and cholesterol screening can provide valuable insights into our heart health status.

For those struggling with obesity, consulting with healthcare providers about tailored weight management strategies can offer new pathways to improved well-being.

References

• Obesity and Cardiovascular Health
• Obesity Action Coalition. Obesity and Heart Disease
• AHA. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association

The post Obesity and Heart Health: Why Early Weight Management Matters appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Obesity is not just an individual issue; it also impacts communities. For Black communities specifically, where obesity rates are disproportionately high, this day is a chance to raise awareness, break stigmas, and explore real solutions.

Obesity increases the risk of other chronic conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease, but with the right resources, support, and access to care, change is possible.

This World Obesity Day, let’s focus on increasing awareness, breaking the stigma, and empowering healthier futures for ourselves and our communities.

The post Why World Obesity Day Matters appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Obesity significantly raises the risk of numerous life-threatening diseases and conditions, many of which are preventable through early intervention and effective treatment. Understanding the health risks associated with obesity is crucial for both preventing these conditions

Type 2 Diabetes

One of the most well-known health risks associated with obesity is type 2 diabetes. Obesity and excess weight is associated with insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Over time, this can result in high blood sugar levels, ultimately leading to type 2 diabetes. This condition increases the risk of complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems, and requires lifelong management through medication and lifestyle changes.

Maintaining a healthy weight through proper nutrition, exercise, and medical interventions can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is another major health risk associated with obesity. Excess body fat, especially around the organs in the abdomen, increases the workload on the heart, leading to higher pressure in the arteries. Over time, this increased pressure can damage the blood vessels, which in turn raises the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

Hypertension often presents without noticeable symptoms, earning it the nickname “the silent killer.” Left untreated, high blood pressure can cause serious complications, including heart attack, heart failure, and stroke.

Heart Disease and Stroke

Obesity is a major contributor to the development of heart disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Excess weight strains the heart, leading to conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and congestive heart failure. People with obesity are also more likely to have high cholesterol and high blood pressure, both of which increase the risk of heart disease.

Similarly, obesity increases the risk of stroke. Strokes occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, often due to a blood clot or a burst blood vessel. The increased pressure on the heart and arteries caused by obesity can contribute to these events, leading to long-term disability or even death.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)

MASLD (Metabolic Associated Steatotic Liver Disease) and MASH (Metabolic Associated Steatohepatitis) are updated terms for conditions previously referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

MASLD refers to the buildup of excess fat in the liver not caused by alcohol. It is associated with metabolic factors like obesity, type 2 diabetes, or insulin resistance. It is characterized by fatty liver without significant inflammation or liver damage.

MASH is the more severe form of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). It includes liver inflammation and damage, in addition to fat accumulation in the liver. It can lead to fibrosis (scarring) of the liver, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer if left untreated.

Cancer and Other Health Conditions

Obesity is a risk factor for many different types of cancer.

Additionally, obesity can play a role in the manifestation of other common health conditions such as:

• Sleep apnea
• Asthma
• Osteoarthritis
• Gout
• Kidney Disease
• Erectile dysfunction

Clinical Trials: A Path to Better Health Outcomes

More solutions are needed to treat obesity, and clinical trials are leading the way. If you are living with obesity and have experienced complications such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or fatty liver disease, consider participating in a clinical trial.

Beyond personal benefits, participating in a clinical trial may also contribute to scientific advancement. By joining a trial, you may help researchers better understand obesity-related diseases and develop therapies that could improve the lives of millions of people worldwide. Click here to learn more about ongoing clinical trials.

References:

NIH. NIDDK.  Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity

OMA. What Is Obesity?

The post Obesity and Your Health: The Risks You Can’t Ignore appeared first on Black Health Matters.

We had the pleasure of speaking with Dr. Sharon A. Brangman, who brings a wealth of experience as a Trustee of the McKnight Brain Research Foundation. Dr. Brangman shares her wisdom on maintaining brain health, recognizing holiday stress and loneliness, and supporting cognitive well-being during this festive season. We all deserve a joyful and mentally healthy holiday season. So, let’s dive into this discussion and ensure we all take steps to support our well-being during this special time of year.

BHM: What were the key findings of the recent study on brain aging in Black communities, and how do these findings impact our understanding of cognitive health?

Dr. Brangman: While our consumer survey was nationally representative, we can break the data down by demographics and learned that more than 75% of the Black American respondents believe they have control over their physical health as they age compared to only 25% who believe they have control over their brain health.

We also found a lack of awareness around the normal changes that happen as the brain ages. For instance, when respondents were asked how they would react if an older person in their life started forgetting things like names or the day of the week temporarily and remembered them later, the majority (62%), said they d be concerned about dementia or Alzheimer s as opposed to realizing they were normal changes that can happen with aging. Additionally, over half of Black American respondents said they haven t felt the need to discuss brain health or cognitive aging with their primary care provider.

Our findings were comparable across all demographic groups who responded to the survey, underscoring the need for education and telling us in the field that we have a lot of work to do when it comes to raising awareness around how the brain changes with age and the importance of protecting your brain health.

BHM: What are some common signs of stress and loneliness during the holiday season that people should be aware of, particularly in the Black community?

Dr. Brangman: While we usually think of the holidays as a happy time, it sometimes can be overwhelming, leading to stress. Some common signs of stress we see around this time may include exhaustion, headaches, digestive problems, and anxiety.

People feeling lonely around the holidays may avoid socializing, withdraw from family and friends or even lapse into unhealthy habits.

Since the holiday season aligns with the darkening winter months, individuals may feel their stress and loneliness coincide with signs of seasonal depression like a persistent low mood, feelings of guilt or despair, lethargy and fatigue, and trouble concentrating.

BHM: How does stress and loneliness impact cognition, especially within the Black community?

Dr. Brangman: We know that Black communities are already disproportionately affected by stress through continued social bias and generational trauma which is why these factors are particularly important to address. Through my work, I’ve found that people with strong social ties are less likely to experience cognitive decline than people who spend most of their time alone.

Other work, like a study conducted by the University of Georgia, found that Black Americans with mental health struggles such as loneliness and depression may have larger variations between their true brain age and their chronological age, signaling a potential for cognitive decline or dementia.

BHM: What are some effective strategies for addressing stress and loneliness to support healthy cognitive aging during the holidays?

Dr. Brangman: Cultivating connections is important for combating stress and loneliness during the holiday season. While this time may look different for everyone, there are many ways to foster social connection, including volunteering at a food bank, attending community events, or practicing self-care with comforting activities like exercise, cooking, meditation, or exploring nature.

These practices have been found to lower the risk of other health problems and improve cognition, mood, and psychological functioning.

BHM: How can individuals recognize and address their feelings of loneliness during the holiday season?

Dr. Brangman: The darker winter months and holiday season may lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection from loved ones, resulting in isolation and sadness. If you start to feel withdrawn or uninterested in your regular activities, it’s important to take the time and effort to forge strong social connections with others, whether they be family, friends, or local community members. However, if these feelings reach a low point and significantly impact your daily life and well-being, please speak with a medical professional.

BHM: What signs should families look for in their loved ones that might indicate cognitive decline, and how can they support them?

Dr. Brangman: At the McKnight Brain Research Foundation, we found there is a gap in understanding what changes are normal as you age versus the signs of a more serious memory problem and this lack of understanding often leads to fear. We launched the Brain Works initiative to reassure people that brain aging is a natural process that starts at birth and continues throughout one’s lifespan.

We want people to know that certain slip-ups like losing track of time or misplacing items around the house might initially be alarming but most likely are signs of normal brain aging.

More serious memory problems typically manifest with more intense symptoms, including asking the same question repeatedly, getting lost in familiar places, developing an inability to follow instructions or directions, or forgetting common words when speaking. Other worrisome symptoms might include becoming confused about time, people, and places and having changes in mood or behavior for no apparent reason. These may be signs of an underlying problem.

If you notice changes in a loved one and are concerned about their memory or cognitive health, use it as an opportunity to start a conversation with your loved one and then with a healthcare professional.

Talking with a healthcare professional is the first step to understanding what’s causing their memory loss and how to address it.

For additional information, I suggest checking out the McKnight Brain Works webpage, which we have curated to provide resources on better understanding the brain with age and how to talk with loved ones about concerns with their memory.

BHM: Which lifestyle changes are most effective in supporting brain health and mitigating the effects of stress and loneliness?

Dr. Brangman: Adopting a combination of healthy behaviors, which have been shown to reduce cancer, diabetes, and heart disease, will also help you protect your brain health and mitigate the effects of stress and loneliness.

* Connecting with people through social activities and community programs can keep your brain active and engaged with the world around you. Social activities may also lower the risk of health problems and improve well-being. Volunteer at your church or community center or share the activities you enjoy with friends and family.
* Managing stress and seeking medical attention for any symptoms of depression, anxiety, or any other mental health concerns
* Getting 7-8 hours of sleep per night as recommended
* Managing your blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol levels to reduce and manage your risk of cardiovascular disease
* Talk with your doctor about your health conditions and the medications and supplements you take, as that may impact your cognitive health.

By following Dr. Brangman’s advice, we can create a truly joyful and cheerful season. Stay connected, look out for one another, and prioritize mental well-being. Here’s to a holiday season filled with happiness and good health.

The post The Connection Between Brain Health & Holiday Loneliness appeared first on Black Health Matters.

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On His Health

While we admire Hudson’s sculpted physique, he does not spend every day in the gym. He has always been mindful of what he eats. “There never been a period when my weight has been out of control; I’ve always been conscious enough to rein it in before it got too far out of control,” he says.” Also, being an actor always made me aware of the image I wanted to maintain.”

But Black men, for example, are taught to be strong and brave. “We don’t need certain things; we can brave them on our own, which is very foolish,” Hudson says. “Things are going on with our bodies that we’re unaware of.

For example, I had prostate cancer diagnosed back in 1998. There are no signs. You feel pretty good until it happens. And if you don’t take care of it, you can die from it. For me, you have to be vigilant.”

Hudson pointed out that yearly checkups are essential. “It’s nice to have people in our lives to remind us to take care of ourselves,” he says. “Some people are afraid they will get news they don’t want to know; I want to know something is happening.”

 The Rated RSV Campaign

Most of us associate Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with babies and young children, but seniors are also a vulnerable population. “When Pfizer came to me and asked me to be part of this campaign and get the word out on RSV, I was very excited. Because one of the things I’ve become aware of is friends my age have not taken care of themselves,” Hudson notes.

“And I want to let people know that this is something most of us hadn’t heard of, that it’s out there, and we have to do what’s necessary to take care of ourselves.”

Senior citizens, 75 and older, are being impacted by it, but those 60 and older with chronic conditions like asthma, heart disease, diabetes, and COPD should also consider being vaccinated.

“The CDC says  from 60,000 to 160,000 people might end up in the hospital because of this,” he says. “That was alarming and I wanted to get the word out along with getting a yearly checkup and taking care of yourself.”

Sixty Years of Work

Ernie Hudson has been acting for six decades. The first film he was in, “Leadbelly,” was directed by the legendary Gordon Parks. His list of credits includes, of course, “Ghostbusters” but also cultural groundbreaking series like “Oz” and current BET+ hit Carl Webber’s “The Family Business,” which has been running for five seasons.

“When I am onstage with another actor, bring your best. I’m going to bring my best,” Hudson says. “We’re going to have some fun. And if we have fun, the audience is going to have fun. But I’m not worried about them. Let’s dance.”

What Brings Him Joy

At 78, Ernie Hudson is letting go of life’s urgencies surrounding him. “Joy is knowing it is a beautiful day. I can sit in the sun, soak it in, and smile, and somebody will smile back at me,” he says. I am still on the plane of existence and can appreciate and give thanks for things around me. I can have a meal spread before me and take a bite. And that’s enough for me—to know that I am.”

For information on RSV and to schedule a vaccination, go to VaxAssist.com.

The post Ernie Hudson On Work, Health, & Preventing RSV appeared first on Black Health Matters.

How a Second Trump Presidency May Impact This

If Donald Trump is re-elected to the presidency and eventually successfully repeals the ACA, it could cause seismic changes in the U.S. healthcare system. While Trump has never revealed exactly what his alternative plan would look like (during the campaign, he said he has “concepts of a plan”), Lisa Cooper, a professor in the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, says, “if the past predicts the future, we can look at provisions targeted during his previous term and expect them to be targeted again or further diminished.”

“As president, Trump’s budget proposals included plans to convert the ACA into block grants to states, cap federal funding for Medicaid, and allow states to relax the ACA’s rules protecting people with pre-existing conditions,” says Samantha Artiga, vice president and director of the Racial Equity and Health Policy Program at KFF. “If enacted, those plans would have reduced federal funding for health care by about $1 trillion over a decade, with the trade-offs being higher out-of-pocket premiums for people, more uninsured, higher spending and greater risk for states, and restrictions in Medicaid eligibility.”

The Top Ways It May Impact Our Community

1. Tens of Millions of Americans Could Lose Their Coverage

Marketplace Subsidies: The ACA provides 40 million subsidies so middle- and low-income individuals can afford health insurance through the exchanges.

If Republicans win both chambers of Congress and the presidency, they are strongly expected to let the subsidies expire at the end of 2025.

This would likely increase copays, premiums, and out-of-pocket prescription drug costs. Insurance could become unaffordable for many, possibly leading some insurance companies to exit the market and ultimately leading to an additional 23+ million uninsured people.

Medicaid Expansion: Expanding Medicaid eligibility is one of the ACA’s most noteworthy benefits. Between 2017 and 2024, the number of states with Medicaid expansion went from 32 to 41. If it was repealed, states that expanded Medicaid could lose federal funding, meaning 69 million low-income individuals could lose their healthcare coverage.

2. Over 130 Million People with Pre-existing Conditions Could Be Denied Coverage

Under the ACA, no one can be denied coverage under any circumstance, and insurance companies cannot retroactively cancel a policy unless there is evidence of fraud. It was a different ballgame before; back then, people with pre-existing conditions could be denied coverage or charged higher premiums. Removing the ACA could lead to the return of rejections and higher costs and make it difficult or impossible for individuals with chronic conditions, cancer survivors, or anyone else with a health history to get affordable coverage.

Note: If repealed, the replacement plan could weaken pre-existing protections for individuals with one of the growing list of conditions:

• AIDS/HIV
• Alcohol/Drug Abuse
• Cerebral Palsy
• Cancer
• Heart Disease
• Diabetes
• Epilepsy
• Kidney Disease
• Sleep Apnea
• Pregnancy
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Depression
• Eating Disorders
• Bipolar Disorder

3. Women Could Be Charged More For Coverage Than Men

Before the ACA, women were often charged higher premiums than men for the same coverage. The ACA prohibits charging different premiums based on gender. It also demands that all privately purchased plans cover maternity care, which had routinely been excluded from many individually purchased plans. Most private plans must also cover preventive services (such as breast and cervical cancer screenings, prescribed contraceptives, and breastfeeding supplies) without any co-payments or other types of cost-sharing.

As a result of the ACA, findings from the Commonweath Fund show that the percentage of women who have delayed or skipped needed care because of costs has fallen to an all-time low.

Knocking down the ACA could mean a return to gender-based increased premium rates, fewer services, and worse health outcomes for American women.

In addition, while abortion is the most prominent healthcare campaign issue, a Trump re-election could have massive implications for contraceptive care and maternal health. Professor Cooper says, “Trump has been supportive of abortion access decisions being made by states rather than Federal law guaranteeing a woman’s right to choose.

Under a second Trump administration, in the absence of Roe vs Wade protections, women who live in states with abortion bans will have less access to reproductive health care, and this would worsen the already dire racial disparities in maternal deaths among Black women.”

4. Seniors Could Get Hit with Higher Premiums

The ACA restricts how much more insurers can charge adults over 50 versus younger individuals to three times.

Repealing the law could cause older adults to get slammed with significantly higher premiums, making health insurance unaffordable for seniors between 50 and 65 since they wouldn’t yet be eligible for Medicare.

According to AARP, if insurers did what was proposed in the 2017 Republican repeal bill and charged older adults five times more for insurance, that would add an average “age tax” of $4,124 for a 60-year-old in the individual market. In addition, a 2023 study by Protect Our Care, a healthcare advocacy organization, states that “the Republicans’ plan to repeal the ACA would make 49 million seniors pay more for prescription drugs because the Medicare “donut hole” would be reopened.”

5. Essential Health Benefits Could Be Cut or Cost You More

The ACA requires insurance plans to cover preventive services, such as cancer screenings, cholesterol tests, annual check-ups, and contraceptive services, at no cost. Repealing the law could allow insurance companies to offer plans with less comprehensive care, higher out-of-pocket costs, and weakened pre-existing protections, leading to less preventative care and an increase in untreated illnesses.

6. Annual and Lifetime Coverage Limits Could Return

Before the ACA, 105 million Americans with employer coverage carried a lifetime cap on their health insurance benefits. Every year, back then, an additional 20,000 people would hit their cap and exhaust their benefits when they needed them most. The ACA stops that and prevents insurers from instituting annual or lifetime limits on essential health coverage. Without such protections in place, people with high medical costs (think: serious accidents or chronic illnesses) could run out of coverage and into personal debt or bankruptcy.

7. Millions Could Lose Access to Mental Health and Addiction Services

The ACA requires insurance plans to cover mental health and addiction treatment as part of the essential health benefits. The Kaiser Family Foundation estimates that 40 percent of people aged 18 to 65 with opioid addiction—approximately 800,00 or four in 10—are on Medicaid, and most became eligible once the ACA became law.

Insurance companies could stop covering psychiatric care, addiction treatment, and counseling services if struck down.

8. 4.9 Million Young Adults Could Lose Their Coverage

This age group was the most likely to be uninsured before the ACA was created. The law allows young adults to remain on their parent’s insurance until age 26. If repealed, this prevalent benefit could be eliminated, leading to a 76 percent increase in uninsured young adults.

9. 34 Million Children Could Lose Mental Health Services

Medicaid’s comprehensive child health coverage guarantee could be on the chopping block if the ACA is repealed. Such a move would hamper children’s access to mental health care and cause them to go without other services, like annual check-ups and speech and physical therapy.

10. Over 500 At-Risk Rural Hospitals Could Be Forced to Close

Under the ACA, Medicaid expansion has been a financial lifeline for many rural hospitals because it covers the uncompensated care costs of low-income patients. Between 2010 and 2021, nearly three-fourths of rural hospital closures were in states that have not adopted Medicaid expansion, with research showing that expansion disproportionately improved rural hospital margins and helped avert hospital closures. Repealing the ACA and reducing Medicaid funding could lead to at-risk rural hospitals closing and losing health coverage for area residents.

“Black Americans are also more likely to live in [rural] states that have not implemented ACA supported Medicaid expansion,” adds Professor Cooper. Because “these states are less likely to expand Medicaid ACA provisions, it will make health insurance less affordable to Black Americans living in those states.”

 These States Have Not Expanded Medicaid

• Alabama
• Florida
• Georgia
• Kansas,
• Mississippi
• South Carolina
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming

The post 10 Ways an ACA Repeal Could Impact Our Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Myth #6: All Fats Are Bad

This fat misconception is one of the most dangerous of all the nutrition myths. Medical advice and scientific research have fluctuated so drastically from the 1970s through the 1990s that it’s no wonder many of us don’t know what to believe anymore.

Doctors have warned us to avoid saturated fat, as it was thought to increase our LDL or bad cholesterol levels, putting us at higher risk for heart disease. They didn’t know back then that scaring us away from fat led us to fat-free snack foods like cookies, chips, and ice cream, which are full of refined sugars and carbohydrates. These foods may have decreased our risk of heart disease and made us fat.

FACT: The National Institute of Health scientifically supports the claim that replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats does reduce the risk of heart disease. Replacing saturated fat with simple carbohydrates with added sugars, like those found in white bread, does not.

WHAT WE KNOW: Eating some fat keeps us healthy, provides us with energy, helps us feel satisfied, and allows us to stay fuller between meals.

Research shows that when derived from plant sources, unsaturated fats are good for you. Look for cooking oils that are liquid at room temperature:

Look for cooking oils that are liquid at room temperature:

• Canola
• Peanut
• Safflower
• Soybean
•  Olive

Here are some other good sources of unsaturated fat:

• legumes
• fatty fish
• olives
• nuts

Myth #7: To Lose Weight Avoid All Carbs

You may remember The Atkins Diet, which was popular long before its Ketogenic (KetoDiet) Makeover. Both diets involved consuming protein and fats and no carbohydrates. The South Beach Diet caused many of us to completely turn our backs on all things white: bread, rice, pasta, and even potatoes. Whether those diets sound familiar or not, if you’ve lived in the US, you have heard and may even have believed at one point or another that all carbohydrates were evil.

These famous diets or celebrities are not solely to blame for demonizing carbohydrates. Medical experts constantly changed the truth and supported it with scientific research, causing all of this Carbohydrate Confusion, making distinguishing between what’s true and what’s false nearly impossible.

FACT: All Carbohydrates do not make us fat! Or prevent us from losing weight. So, avoiding them all is not the answer. Learning how to choose the healthy ones is what matters most. Simple carbs, called “bad carbs,” have little to no nutritional value and include simple sugars, sweeteners, and honey hidden in fruits, fruit juices, and dairy. They are vilified because they spike glucose levels, which can lead to energy crashes.

‘Good carbs’ do not. These long-digesting complex carbohydrates stabilize insulin levels and help the body metabolize cholesterol and triglycerides. Complex carbohydrates are not evil and do not stop our bodies from losing weight.

Look for:

• Whole grains: quinoa, buckwheat, whole wheat pasta
•  Fiber-rich veggies: broccoli, leafy greens, carrots
•  Fiber-rich fruits: apples, berries, bananas
• Beans

WHAT WE KNOW: Eating complex carbohydrates is essential for cognitive brain function and stable mental health. It also assists the body in metabolizing cholesterol and triglycerides. We need nutrient-dense fiber for digestive health and complex carbohydrates for optimal health.

MYTH #8 Apple Cider Vinegar Burns Belly Fat

Unlike most Americans, I had no idea apple cider vinegar (ACV) was anything more than an acidic ingredient in salad dressing. Recently, a neighbor volunteered some startling news: her belly fat was shrinking thanks to the ACV diet, which she had stuck to for seven days! I celebrated her accomplishments, seeing no difference in her appearance. Awkward.

FACT: I found no scientific evidence that ACV reduces belly fat or impacts sustainable weight loss. While a few small studies showed weight loss in obese rats, scientific proof that it has the same effect on humans is simply unavailable. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the placebo effect could explain why many people claim it works for them. Psychologically, believing in this miracle medicine may subconsciously inspire believers to make healthy choices about calorie intake, exercise, and lifestyle, which may result in weight loss.

WHAT WE KNOW:  Apple cider vinegar is made from fermented apples. Like distilled vinegar, ACV is an acetic acid commonly used as a cleaning disinfectant to kill airborne bacteria on surfaces, fruits, vegetables, and even meats. Some small studies show that apple cider vinegar can help you stay full longer, curbing the urge to snack for about two hours after eating. However, that study also reported nausea and vomiting as side effects.

WHAT TO WATCH OUT FOR:  ACV may cause dangerous side effects in certain people by affecting potassium and insulin levels. Evidence suggests that prolonged use of ACV could irreparably damage tooth enamel when not diluted before drinking.

Misinformation and disinformation have different meanings. The American Psychological Association defines Misinformation as false or inaccurate information—getting the facts wrong. Disinformation is false information deliberately intended to mislead and contribute to fueling, in this case, nutrition myths. Let’s do our best to share facts, not fiction.

Stay tuned for more nutrition myths.

This story is made possible by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk.

The post More Nutrition Myths We Still Believe (Part 2) appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Tito Jackson’s journey in music began as a guitarist and background vocalist for the Jackson 5, a group that created hits like “I Want You Back,” “ABC,” and “I’ll Be There.” Under the guidance of their father, Joe Jackson, the Jackson 5 became a household name and was admitted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.

Outside of his role in the Jackson 5, Tito was a dedicated musician who continued to perform and record music throughout his life. He played with his brothers in the reformed group The Jacksons and pursued a solo career as a blues guitarist. His passion for music was evident in every performance, whether on stage with his family or playing the blues.

In a 2021 interview with Blues Blast magazine, Tito Jackson shared why he chose to transition to the blues genre and how it had always been a part of his musical experiences.

He said, “The blues got me interested in the guitar. I wanted to play music, and I wanted to be on stage again. The blues had been the main music in my family. I just wanted to jam.”

Born on October 15, 1953, in Gary, Indiana, Tito was the third of nine Jackson children, which included global superstars Michael and Janet Jackson. The Jackson family’s music careers took off in the late 1960s, leading them to relocate to California to pursue their dreams. Tito’s contributions to the family’s success were tremendous, and his legacy will be remembered for generations.

While the cause of Tito Jackson’s death has not been officially determined, it is believed that he suffered a heart attack while driving from New Mexico to Oklahoma on Sunday. However, an autopsy is being performed to confirm the details. We do know heart disease is a severe health threat to our community.

His passing was a significant loss to the music community and everyone who knew and loved him.

In a 2009 interview with the Associated Press, Tito Jackson reflected on the impact of his brother Michael’s death on the family, saying, “I would say definitely it brought us a step closer to each other. To recognize that the love we have for each other when one of us is not here, what a great loss.” It is heartbreaking to think that these words now resonate as we mourn the loss of another beloved Jackson family member.

With Tito Jackson’s passing, we can remember a man who brought joy to countless lives. From his early days in Gary, Indiana, to his global success with the Jackson 5 and his solo career, Tito’s journey was one of talent and purpose. Beyond the stage, he was a father, a brother, and a friend who touched the hearts of many. His legacy will continue to inspire, reminding us of the joy and warmth he brought to the world.

We extend our condolences to the family, especially his sons Taj, Taryll, and TJ, who lost their mother, Delores Martes Jackson, in 1994.

 

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That’s why I compiled a list of the top popular nutrition myths you’ve probably heard and may even believe. I’ve searched the internet for reputable sources to find out if there’s any scientific evidence to back them up. Are you ready to separate fact from fiction and debunk these myths once and for all?

Watch Out! What you are about to read may be hard to believe.

Myth #1: Eating Eggs (Yolks) Will Kill You

Sound familiar? We’ve long been told that eating eggs, especially the yolks, causes high cholesterol, which can lead to cardiovascular disease and death. Where did this come from? The American Heart Association 1968 warned us to eat no more than three whole eggs per week to avoid consuming dietary cholesterol, which was thought back then to cause high cholesterol.

It has taken half a century of scientific research to understand the truth: Consuming high levels of saturated and trans fats is to blame for high cholesterol, not eggs.

The National Institute of Health refers to this myth as “an outdated hypothesis slowly put to rest,” concluding, “Half a century of research has shown that egg and dietary cholesterol intake is not associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Most health promotion agencies around the world have dropped egg restrictions altogether.

FACTS: Eggs are among the most affordable, nutrient-dense, complete protein sources. They are full of vital nutrients that promote healthy eyes, brain, and nerves, as well as essential vitamins like A, B, and D. Omega-3 fatty acids are widely proven to lower our risk of heart attack and death.

According to Scientific American, hens fed flaxseed yield these eggs.

WHAT TO WATCH OUT FOR: While eggs are considered healthy, how they’re cooked and what we eat alongside them could have perpetuated their notoriously Bad reputation.

Foods like bacon, sausage, and ham are traditionally enjoyed with eggs, and using butter and oils in their preparation has most likely tainted the health benefits of our perfect protein.

The American Heart Association writes, “Decades of science have proven that saturated fats can raise your “bad” or LDL cholesterol and put you at higher risk for heart disease.

Myth #2: We need Juice Cleanses to Detox the Body & Jumpstart Weight Loss

The idea that juicing rids your body of toxins and cleanses your vital organs sounds fantastic and entirely believable. However, it’s just not true. Adding more fruits and vegetables to our meals and snacks has proven health benefits. There is little to no scientific evidence to support the idea that juicing your daily fruits and vegetables cleanses your body more than eating them in whole form and staying adequately hydrated throughout the day. That is, I found no valid long-term research to confirm this claim.

I get it. Drinking your fruits and vegetables may seem easy to get in all your daily vitamins and minerals. I often treat myself to a delicious carrot, beet, ginger, celery, and fresh apple juice. I know that juice is healthier than frozen sangria.

But just because it tastes and feels good doesn’t mean that juicing, pulverizing much of the healthy fiber, and destroying the essential vitamins and nutrients in fruits and vegetables is necessarily healthy or necessary to cleanse the body. 

FACT: Our liver and kidneys work naturally to filter out toxins without any help from juices. Unfortunately, there’s more scientific evidence of drawbacks associated with various “detoxes” and “cleanses” than the purported health benefits such as improved digestion, energy boost, and reduced inflammation.

Juices primarily consisting of fruits add more sugars and calories than you could eat the whole version of in a day. Longer juicing may cause more harm than good without protein to stabilize blood sugar spikes.

Liver and cancer specialist and surgeon Thomas Aloia, M.D., explains the importance of a healthy liver: “Detoxifying the normal things we eat, breathe, and ingest is part of its job and keeps us alive.”

So, how do we care for the liver so it functions properly? Dr. Aloia urges us to maintain a healthy diet and avoid putting extra demands on this vital organ.

He warns, “Don’t pack your liver full of fat, sugar, or alcohol, so the (detox) machine keeps doing its job well.”

If Whole Foods like fruits and vegetables and a plant-based diet centered around lean protein sources like legumes, nuts, and seeds  instead of animal products is what you’re looking to consume with these detoxes, cleanses, and juices, he says, “you will likely get all the benefits such programs offer.”

WHAT TO WATCH OUT FOR/WARNING: Juicing as a meal replacement results in inadequate calories and, most importantly, reduces the fiber required to absorb the nutrients from whole foods. This way of drastically cutting calories may result in weight loss. However, eliminating healthy protein sources could result in losing lean muscle mass and missing out on vitamins and nutrients to fuel your day with energy.

That’s not all; if weight loss is your goal, you may gain more weight when you return to your regular intake of calories and processed food.

Myth #3 Eating Soy Increases Risk of Breast Cancer

It was hard to understand that consuming soy products had been associated with cancer, especially considering that soy is the most popular plant protein, the central component of several Asian cuisines, and is widely used in diverse populations worldwide.

Soy milk emerged in Europe and the US in the 1980s, but it wasn’t until the ’90s that I noticed it. I vividly remember when everyone switched to soy milk in their coffee! Silk, a popular brand of soy milk products, was everywhere.

How could this healthy protein alternative to cow’s milk cause breast cancer when so many populations, including vegetarians, consumed so much of it? Something didn’t sound right. A friend of mine warned me with some urgency about the danger of soy.

Since her mother had recently lost her battle with breast cancer, I was convinced it had to be true! But was it? I needed to know that this claim was scary even though I didn’t like the taste of it in my coffee and never had a taste for tofu.

The confusion stems from a few misinterpretations of scientific evidence in the past. Breastcancer.org attributes older studies that were performed on rats suggested that large doses of isoflavones found in soybeans stimulated breast cancer cells to grow in Petri dishes. However, there is no evidence to suggest the same effect in people.

FACT: Harvard researchers confirm soy foods are rich in nutrients, including B vitamins, fiber, potassium, magnesium, and high-quality protein. Soy is a complete protein containing all nine essential amino acids the body cannot make alone.

According to the American Cancer Society, there is growing evidence that eating tofu, tempeh, edamame, miso, and soymilk may lower the risk of breast cancer.

Myth #4 Fresh Produce is Healthier than Frozen or Canned Versions

It may surprise you that although packaged produce is technically processed, its effects on nutritional value are minimal.

The National Institute of Health reports, “Research has revealed that frozen fruits and vegetables can have just as many vitamins —and sometimes more—than fresh.

While freezing may impact the texture of your fruit when it thaws, fresh fruit retains its natural texture better.

For those who do not have access to fresh produce or proper storage provisions, frozen or canned fruits and vegetables are a convenient and healthy alternative.

However, if you prefer the taste of fresh produce, then fresh may be the only way to go.

FACT:  According to the American Heart  Association, frozen and canned options can be healthy alternatives to fresh produce, the operative word being ‘can.’

In fact, according to UCLA Health, it is well documented that canned and frozen fruits and vegetables are commonly processed within hours of being harvested, which helps preserve their nutrients.

Smart Shopping Tips: It is essential to choose carefully and pay attention to the labels to avoid added sugars like “heavy syrup” or high sodium concentrations. Choose packaged varieties, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, free of salt, syrups, and creams, and season on your own.

WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR: Follow the directions on the package of frozen varieties to avoid overcooking them to the point they lose color or shape. If you cannot identify the vegetable, some nutrients may have been lost along the way.

To be clear, it is possible to encounter a slight shift in the nutritional value of frozen produce. Tish Food Center says, ” Water-soluble vitamins, like vitamins C and B, may leach during the initial blanching process. Also, storing produce in the freezer for too long may cause freezer burn in which cell walls rupture, resulting in a noticeable change in color, flavor, and texture.” The fact remains, however, that adequately stored frozen fruits and vegetables make enjoying produce year-round.

Myth #5 Gluten-Free Foods are Healthier

If you’ve heard about gluten, you may be aware of it since so many products are suddenly made without it. But what exactly is it?

Gluten is a protein in grains like rye, wheat, and barley. It’s common in foods like bread, cereal, and pasta. Celiac disease is an inherited, diagnosable autoimmune disease estimated to affect 1 in 100 people worldwide.

When someone with Celiac disease eats food containing gluten, their bodies trigger an immune response that attacks the small intestine, causing damage and malabsorption of nutrients.

FACT: Gluten-free foods are NOT healthier. The opposite may be true: “Gluten-free foods are commonly less fortified with folic acid, iron, and other nutrients than regular foods containing gluten,” according to Harvard researchers.

They have found that gluten-free foods contain less fiber but more sugar and fat and cost more. Further research has seen “a trend toward weight gain and obesity among those who follow a gluten-free diet (including those with celiac disease).”

There is no compelling evidence that a gluten-free diet will improve health or prevent disease if you don’t have celiac disease.” This means avoiding gluten is unnecessary if you can eat gluten without trouble.

These are just the first five; we have 15 more to go. Stay tuned for part two.

This story is made possible by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk.

The post Nutrition Myths We Still Believe Part 1 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Lipoproteins are tiny particles made up of lipids (fats) and proteins that travel in your bloodstream to cells in your body, carrying cholesterol (a type of fat). Some important types of lipoproteins are low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), which is the “bad” cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), known as the “good” cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a), also called Lp(a).

Each type of lipoprotein plays a unique role in your body and can have different effects on your heart health. Understanding these lipoproteins can help you maintain a healthy heart and prevent heart disease. In this article, we’ll break down the basics of elevated lipoprotein(a) and what it means for your heart.

What is Lipoprotein(a)?

Lipoprotein(a), also known as Lp(a), is a specific type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol in the blood. What makes lipoprotein(a) unique from LDL-cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol is that it has a protein called apolipoprotein(a) attached to it.

The presence of high levels of Lp(a) in the blood has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Additionally, unlike LDL-cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol, an increased level of Lp(a) is genetic, meaning it is inherited from your parents.

Approximately 20% of people have an elevated Lp(a). It is estimated that there are 1.4 billion people worldwide with elevated Lp(a), which is twice the number of people with Type 2 diabetes.

Elevated Lp(a) and Heart Health

Similar to LDL cholesterol, elevated Lp(a) can negatively impact heart health. High levels can lead to the buildup of plaque (which includes fat and cholesterol) in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This buildup restricts blood from flowing to vital organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs. Over time, this can be dangerous and result in an increased risk of heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes.

Four Facts about Elevated Lp(a)

1. Lp(a) is not included in your regular cholesterol lab panel. It is a separate test and most people have never had their levels checked before.
2. The higher your Lp(a) level is, the more likely you are to experience plaque buildup in your blood vessels. Lp(a) levels of 50 mg/dL (125 nmol/L) or greater are considered high.
3. Higher Lp(a) levels are associated with stiffening and narrowing of the aortic valve in the heart, making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood to the body.
4. Lp(a) levels are genetic, which means it is passed on to you by your parents. Even if you live a healthy lifestyle, it is still possible that your levels may be elevated if you have a family member with high Lp(a).

Understand Your Risk

Your Lp(a) levels are determined by your genes. Unlike LDL-cholesterol, lifestyle changes such as healthy eating and physical activity will not lower your levels. There is a blood test that can measure your Lp(a) levels. Your healthcare provider can determine if this test may be appropriate for you and order it if necessary. They can also help you understand your levels and your heart disease risk.

Researchers believe that lowering Lp(a) levels might lower the risk for heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease. Click here to learn more about research clinical trials.

References:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Facts.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Heart Disease.
• American College of Cardiology. Lipoprotein(a) in Clinical Practice
• National Library of Medicine. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Lipoprotein (a)

The post Lipoproteins 101: What Every African American Needs to Know About Heart Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Dr. Sara Collins is an Interventional Cardiologist in Bowie, Maryland.  She earned her undergraduate degree from Brown University and her medical degree from Meharry Medical College. She completed her Internal Medicine training at the University of Maryland Medical Center, Cardiology fellowship at Georgetown University/Medstar Washington Hospital Center, and Interventional Cardiology training at Medstar Washington Hospital Center.

Dr. Collins has been involved in research for over 25 years. Her research has included vaccine development, observational studies, clinical device investigations, and phase II through IV clinical pharmaceutical research. She founded the Capital Research Institute, which was created to conduct cardiovascular clinical trials in Washington, D.C.

Dr. Collins serves as a consultant for healthcare startups engaging in business and product development. She is an active member of the Association of Black Cardiologists and co-chairs their Health and Public Policy Committee.

Elevated Lipoprotein(a), often referred to as Lp(a), is a significant risk factor for heart disease. Dr. Sara Collins, interventional cardiologist and researcher, breaks down the importance of knowing your Lp(a) levels, understanding your risk, and keeping hope alive.

Dr. Collins is working to foster a racially diverse research community and aims to reduce health disparities by addressing the underrepresentation of minorities in clinical trials.

Know Your Levels

“There are many different types of cholesterol in our bodies. Some are worse than others. Lp(a) is one type of bad cholesterol,” said Collins. “Lp(a) levels are determined genetically, meaning they are inherited. The amount of lipoprotein(a) you have as a child will most likely be the level you have lifelong.” She emphasizes that Lp(a) levels can vary depending on race or ethnicity, and people of African descent tend to have the highest levels of Lp(a).

Lp(a) is measured with a simple blood test, but it is not a test that is usually done routinely. You may need to ask your healthcare provider whether this test is appropriate for you based on your risk, and request that this specific test be performed if so. At this time, the test does not need to be repeated as other cholesterol tests do; however, that may change once treatment options are available. Knowing your Lp(a) level is a major part of understanding your risk.

Understand Your Risk

Dr. Collins explains that Lp(a) differs from other types of cholesterol in that levels are not affected by changes in diet and exercise habits. Your Lp(a) may be high even if you live a healthy lifestyle. “Most of the patients that I diagnose with elevated Lp(a) also have some risk factors they can modify,” she stated, “Even if Lp(a) levels are elevated, you should still practice healthy lifestyle habits like healthy eating and exercising regularly.”

Doing so will still help decrease your overall risk and improve your heart health. “You don’t want to make things worse by eating a diet that’s high in saturated fat and not exercising,” said Collins. She notes that the primary risks of elevated Lp(a) include blood clots, inflammation, and plaque buildup.

Until therapies are approved to treat elevated Lp(a) levels, we must understand our personal and community risk so we can take action. Taking action may include evaluating your health history to determine your risk, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, or having your levels checked. Clinical trial participation is another practical step you can take if you have been diagnosed with elevated Lp(a) or are at risk for certain heart conditions such as heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.

Keep Hope Alive

“African Americans are overrepresented when it comes to the burden of heart disease, but none of the treatments that we use have been appropriately studied in us,” said Dr. Collins. “The mistrust when it comes to healthcare and clinical research is valid and it’s real, and we have to chip away at it.” How do we do that? One way is by participating in clinical trials.

Did you know that by participating in clinical trials, you can help researchers develop new treatment options? Minorities are often underrepresented in clinical research, despite having higher rates of conditions being studied. This makes participation a crucial, collective community effort that can improve our overall health in the long term and promote better health outcomes.

Dr. Collins encourages and advocates for minority participation in clinical trials.  She states, “When you enroll in a clinical trial, you’re in a very supported, safe, observed, and regulated clinical environment. Additionally, you’re not only doing a service to yourself, but you’re also doing a service to your community.”

The post Demystifying Elevated Lipoproteins: How They Impact Heart Health in African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Understanding Heart Issues

Heart issues, like heart attacks and strokes, are serious health problems. They can make you feel sick, but they can also go undetected until it is too late. Heart conditions can even be life-threatening if not treated or prevented.

Why Are African Americans at Higher Risk?

Several factors contribute to why African Americans are more prone to major heart issues. One major reason is high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. This is when the force of blood against your artery walls is too high. This may be caused by increased build-up of plaque (which includes fat and cholesterol) in your arteries. High blood pressure can damage your blood vessels and make your heart work harder, which increases your risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Lifestyle choices also play a role. Things like eating unhealthy foods, not getting enough exercise, and smoking can all raise your risk of heart issues. These lifestyle choices may increase the amount of plaque build-up in the arteries. Practicing healthy lifestyle habits like healthy eating and exercising regularly can only improve your heart health.

Access to quality healthcare is important too, but one of the major factors to consider is genetics because we cannot control it. Some research suggests that African Americans may be more likely to have certain genes that increase heart disease risk.

Elevated Lipoprotein(a)

If you have a high level of Lp(a), you may have an increased risk for heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease. High Lp(a) can be present in people of all races and ethnicities but is much more common in the Black community. Click here to learn more about elevated Lp(a).

Your risk of having elevated Lp(a) is strongly related to whether or not your parents or other close relatives had elevated Lp(a). Lp(a) levels cannot currently be lowered with approved medications or lifestyle changes. You may benefit from having your Lp(a) levels checked if:

• You have a personal or family history of cardiovascular disease early in life
• Your cholesterol level is severely elevated (>190 mg/dL)

Discuss your health history with your healthcare provider to determine if Lp(a) testing is appropriate for you.

Take Action

African Americans are more prone to major heart issues because of a number of different factors. Some of those factors can be controlled or limited while others, like genetics, can’t. Being proactive and tackling the uncontrollable factors is an ideal way to take control of your heart health.

While you cannot change your genetics there is research suggesting that lowering the level of Lp(a) might lower the risk for heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease. Click here to learn more about clinical research trials investigating Lp(a).

References:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Facts.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Heart Disease.
• American College of Cardiology. Lipoprotein(a) in Clinical Practice
• National Library of Medicine. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Lipoprotein (a)

The post Unveiling the Factors: Why African Americans Are Prone to Major Heart Issues appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Did you know one person dies every 33 seconds in the United States (U.S.) from CVD? About 695,000 people in the U.S. died from heart disease in 2021—that’s 1 in every 5 deaths, costing the U.S. over $200 billion each year. This includes costs related to health care services, medicines, and lost productivity due to death.

These conditions do not equally affect all demographics and may particularly affect the African American community. This article will address the basics of cardiovascular disease, explore common conditions and risk factors, and shed light on their impact within the African American community.

What Is Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)?

CVD refers to disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. One type of CVD is atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). This occurs when plaque, or fatty deposits, buildup on the walls of the blood vessels and decrease or block blood flow. Since blood vessels deliver blood to organs throughout the body, ASCVD may affect more than just the heart. For example, decreased blood flow to the brain could result in a stroke.

The buildup of plaque that leads to ASCVD is caused, in part, by LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a).

Common CVD Conditions and Risk Factors

The following conditions fall under the umbrella of cardiovascular disease:

• Coronary artery disease (most common), which causes heart attacks
• Peripheral artery disease – blockages in blood vessels in the legs
• Heart failure
• Heart rhythm problems
• Stroke

Various risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease such as:

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels, including Lp(a)
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Poor diet
• Genetics and family history

Impact on the African American Community

CVD disproportionately affects African Americans. This health disparity stems from a combination of genetics, social factors, and disparities in healthcare access and quality.

Several factors contribute to the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among African Americans. We have higher rates of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes which puts us at an increased risk of developing heart-related conditions.

African Americans may face barriers to receiving quality care, including bias from healthcare providers, lack of quality healthcare, and inadequate representation in clinical trials for cardiovascular treatments.

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)

MACE is an acronym used commonly by researchers. You may see this term while reading about clinical trials. Major cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, have a profound impact on the African American community. Not only are African Americans more likely to experience these events, but they also face higher mortality rates and worse outcomes compared to other racial groups.

The aftermath of major cardiovascular events can be devastating for families, and the emotional toll of losing loved ones prematurely to heart disease is overwhelming.

Are you at Risk?

Many of the risk factors associated with CVD are controllable, but there are some risk factors that are not. Lp(a) is different from other types of cholesterol. Elevated levels are genetic, and neither taking cholesterol medication nor making lifestyle changes such as improving eating habits or increasing physical activity will help lower levels. [insert link to elevated lipoproteins 101 article]

Most people are not aware of their Lp(a) level, but it can be checked with a simple blood test if requested by your healthcare provider. Researchers believe that lowering Lp(a) might lower the risk for heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.

Clinical research studies are investigating CVDs and risk factors associated with them, including Lp(a). Click here to learn more.

References:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Facts.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Heart Disease.
• American College of Cardiology. Lipoprotein(a) in Clinical Practice
• National Library of Medicine. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Lipoprotein (a)

The post What is cardiovascular disease? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Trouble with Artificial Sweeteners

“Artificial sweeteners are sugar substitutes that provide high sweetening power associated with low accompanied calories,” according to Cureus. “These additives are known for their intense sweetness, often multiple times sweeter than sugar, allowing for smaller amounts to be used to achieve the desired level of saccharinity.”

Products containing artificial sweeteners are often advertised as healthier alternatives to traditional sodas and juices. Because they do not contain sugar, they are assumed not to lead to weight gain.

They work because they trick the brain into thinking it’s consuming sugar. As a result, they leave some people feeling less satisfied. One study reported that when we are obese or are overweight and drink diet soda, we are more likely to consume more calories at meals and snacks than our counterparts who drink sugar-sweet beverages. So, we gain weight.

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine stated that “While people often choose “diet” or “light” products to lose weight, research studies suggest that artificial sweeteners may contribute to weight gain.” The Journal also noted, “Several large-scale prospective cohort studies found a positive correlation between artificial sweetener use and weight gain.”

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that “sucrose and saccharin consumption led to increased body weight.” Artificial sweeteners can cause changes in portions of the gut microbiome.

Industry Growth to Meet Consumer Demand

“Consumers are demanding a greater variety of low-calorie products as they strive to make healthier food choices.” according to the Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. This is leading to the popularity of products containing artificial sweeteners. These products include aspartame, saccharin acesulfame potassium, sucralose, neotame, and advantame. The Journal reported that their value to weight loss journeys may be overstated. “AS have been increasingly used as healthier alternatives to sugar-sweetened products to curb the obesity epidemic. However, the evidence supporting their weight reduction or maintenance use has been inconclusive.

The World Health Organization has warned the public against including non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) in one’s diet.

“Replacing free sugars with NSS does not help with weight control in the long term. People need to consider other ways to reduce free sugar intake, such as consuming food with naturally occurring sugars, like fruit, or unsweetened food and beverages,” said Francesco Branca, WHO Director for Nutrition and Food Safety.

Branca added that those seeking to lose weight should work on minimizing the sweetness of their diet altogether instead of finding solutions to access sweetness without sugar.

“NSS are not essential dietary factors and have no nutritional value. People should reduce the sweetness of the diet altogether, starting early in life, to improve their health,” he said.

The Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care stated that artificial sweetening agents “have shown a paradoxical, negative effect on blood glucose” and that “this increases the levels of insulin in the blood, eventually leading to decreased receptor activity.” This should be taken into consideration when making decisions at the grocery store.

Consider These Alternatives to Artificial Sweeteners

•  Unsweetened Teas. Skip out on the false sweeteners and steep some tea for a long time to enhance the flavor. Hibiscus or lavender tea can imitate that bubbly pop you’re used to pouring in your favorite tumbler.
•  Sparkling or Flat Water. Add a citrus twist to your sparkling water or seltzer if you want some zest in your beverage. A few slices of ginger or a scoop of nutmeg can also add something special.
•  Add Some Herbs. Thyme, mint, or rosemary are great ways to give water or another sugar-free beverage a kick. If you don’t like the taste of herbs in your drink, strain them out for a smooth effect.

The post Are ‘Diet’ Food and Drinks Causing You To Gain Weight? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

For those who have been big girls, shopping for larger sizes and looking for aisle seats (with some extra room) has come with the territory. But bigger sizes don’t just mean more oversized clothes and chairs; they mean more strain on our bodies. Your knees may not be the only call you hear from your body. Pay attention to your numbers, too. That’s right, those dreaded numbers like blood pressure and cholesterol, and yes, that number is on the scale. As we get older, they are harder to control, but they are telling us something.

The American Heart Association states metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when someone has three or more of these risk factors:

•  High blood glucose (sugar)
•  Low levels of HDL (“good”) cholesterol in the blood
• High levels of triglycerides in the blood
• Large waist circumference or “apple-shaped” body
• High blood pressure

Metabolic syndrome puts you at greater risk for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and other serious health problems. Focusing on sustainable lifestyle changes could pose long-term health benefits. You’ll notice the changes in your clothes, the lack of pain in your knees, and the comfort of those small middle seats.

Dr. Holly F. Lofton, MD, a Board-Certified Internist at NYU Langone Weight Management Program, has been a longtime pioneer in proper weight management and healthy living and has some initial strategies to help you manage your weight effectively.

•  Practice mindfulness techniques: Dr. Lofton recommends acupuncture as a stress reliever but also suggests exploring other methods, such as hypnosis, meditation, or yoga.
•  Introduce healthy coping strategies like regular exercise, journaling, or professional therapy to your everyday lifestyle.
• Seek a support system. In addition to board-certified professionals, a positive, supportive community of family and friends can help offset the urge to reach for comfort foods in stressful situations.
• If stress contributes to your weight, identify the situations or emotions that trigger your stress eating.

Getting to the Root Causes

According to Dr. Lofton, “The area of the brain that gets activated and traumatized is the mesolimbic system (or the brain’s pleasure center), signaling that whatever you do in excess, you will gain pleasure from it,” she adds. This excessive behavior looks different based on the individual, but if the signal is related to food consumption, therein lies the beginning stages of emotional or stress eating.

Her popular program, New You, helps patients achieve results through scientifically proven weight loss techniques and medications, combined with proper nutrition education. Dr. Lofton begins her initial patient diagnosis with the question, “Are you physically hungry (points to stomach), or do you have the desire to eat (points to head).” From there begins the in-depth conversation and analysis around a patient’s stress eating and where the root causes are. “Environmental stress (family, work, etc.) can cause brain trauma that causes one to crave comfort foods.”

Dr. Lofton and her medical specialists monitor and address the behavioral challenges resulting from poor eating habits and keep them under control. Treatment methods include managing stress, planning a healthy diet, making recommendations, and prescribing medications when needed.

Dr. Lofton maintains extensive research regarding patients who experience weight gain after medical weight loss methods to identify successful, long-term solutions and treatments for patients living with obesity.

Breaking The Cycle – Regaining Control

Identifying healthy diet plans and working towards results seems simple, right? Not at all. Studies have shown that 80% and 85% of those who lose weight quickly will regain it.

High stress levels can significantly impact metabolism and fat storage. Elevated cortisol levels can slow metabolism, making it harder to burn calories. High cortisol levels also signal the body to store fat, particularly in the abdominal area.

Repeated cycles of weight gain and loss can also negatively impact overall health. Fluctuations in weight can often lead to elevated blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, high blood sugar levels, and other risk factors.

Dr. Lofton stresses the importance of consulting with your trusted healthcare provider. A trained medical professional who understands obesity can best support you with treatment plans to help you lose weight, keep it off, and break the cycle for good.

Identifying a program that works best for you is your best chance of combating the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome. Or working to reverse it.

The post What You Need to Know About Metabolic Syndrome appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The report indicates that up to 50% of birthing people retain 10 pounds or more, and up to 25% retain more than 20 pounds.

Being proactive about your patient’s PPWR now could avoid the associated comorbidity medical risks such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in the future.

Recognizing the Roadblocks

There is room to improve the postpartum wellness journey and obesity outcomes for your patients who give birth—currently, care often centers around the most visible challenges associated with the post-delivery period. However, that period is extensive, and patients need instruction on caring for their mind and body during that time.

A review published in Heylion found that “When communicating with patients from different cultural backgrounds, physicians were found to be authoritarian, biomedical-focused, and not involved with patients in decision-making.” Perceptions like these create roadblocks to effective obesity treatment.

Why Cultural Sensitivity Matters

Leah Hairston, a birth and postpartum doula who earned the recognition of John Hopkins Social Innovation Lab and as a semifinalist for Pharell Williams’ Black Ambition Prize last year, Sweet Bee Services, spoke to the need for professionals who understand the cultural sensitivity challenges faced in postpartum.

“There’s a dearth of access to Black dietitians and nutritionists,” she told Black Health Matters.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition states, “Reproduction has been identified as an important factor for long-term weight gain among women.”

Hairston and her team offer solutions to the people they serve. “People feel a lot more at ease because there’s somebody who looks like them who also understands,” she explained.

Hairston gave an example of the need for cultural sensitivity in postpartum nutrition: “My family’s Caribbean. So, I’m gonna eat plantains and rice and beans. I don’t want to feel like rice and beans are a punitive meal,” she explained. But I might not need to eat six helpings of rice and beans.”

She values practitioners who are “able to honor the things that are important to me and my family while also honoring our budgetary restrictions and any other needs that we might have.” She brings that awareness to her work.

Rethinking Postpartum Evaluations

Birthing persons require support far beyond the first few months of the postpartum era, but an article from Nutrition Research Reviews reported that “much less attention is being given to the postpartum period beyond 18 months.”

Postpartum patients need thorough evaluations to determine if they have obesity. These evaluations need to go beyond the sparse required check-ins for birthing persons.

“There is a great need for postpartum women to identify the implications of postpartum obesity. There is also a need for healthcare professionals to treat postpartum women with greater competency, having a structured postpartum follow-up with counseling and motivation for weight loss and investigations like hemoglobin, TSH, and blood sugars at follow-up,” according to a 2022 article published by the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India.

The Annals of Hematology noted that “postpartum anemia has been linked to several important postpartum morbidities, including depression, reduced cognition, and fatigue.” Still, it is critical to learn how it plays into postpartum obesity.

Dr. Danielle Wright-Terre, founder of the Honey, a postpartum community and app, commented on gaps in the postpartum care process that begin earlier than that. “Regarding check-ins for the mom, there are gaps,” she said. “There needs to be more guidance on the physical recovery aspect.”

Many doctors focus on ruling out issues for new mothers instead of being evaluated for ways they can thrive.

“The postpartum phase is just to make sure mom is doing well from a mental health standpoint. After that visit, if nothing is identified, her next visit is at 12 months, and that’s the annual visit. So, there’s not a lot of check-ins,” Dr. Wright-Terrell continued.

Key Factors Impacting PPWR

According to the Journal of Clinical Medicine, “Irregular sleep and mealtimes during the postpartum period could also interfere with body weight. Emerging evidence suggests that the misalignment of eating and fasting patterns with the body’s circadian rhythm could impact metabolic function and consequently body weight.”

Irregular sleep can also contribute to an individual becoming obese.

“Individuals who regularly slept less than seven hours per night were more likely to have higher average body mass indexes and develop obesity than those who slept more,” in a study published by BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine.

Current Obesity Reports states, “Epigenetic programming that occurs at conception and throughout pregnancy predisposes children born to mothers with obesity to a range of chronic metabolic conditions including type 2 diabetes and heart disease.”

Taking an Individualized Approach

Healthcare practitioners must individualize their engagement with birthing people. Not all people who give birth are the same, and they do not all come from the same culture.

An informed perspective can help a practitioner be more effective.

Dr. Wright-Terrell pointed out that people who deliver without complications might not need to wait the widely recommended six weeks before engaging in movement that might help their mind and body. She said sometimes they “can start moving and gentle exercise as soon as 72 hours after delivery.”

Talking to your patients to determine what is best for them can help you make recommendations that suit their goals best.

“I try not to restrict my patients in terms of movement because movement is really powerful and healthy overall, and it can help you feel more like yourself.”

Referrals are crucial in helping people with uteruses re-engage with their fitness plans. Hairston uses referrals to help her clients understand the resources available to them.

“A nutritionist is covered under your insurance when you’re pregnant and usually in the first couple weeks of postpartum, and so it should be pretty easy to find somebody in-network,” she said.

Dr. Wright-Terrell explained the importance of educating patients on how their fitness goals can be achieved through seeking specific care to prevent sustained weight gain. For example, physical therapy can help build core strength, which is essential to pursuing weight loss through physical exercise. “Another great resource that I feel is underutilized is physical therapists, specifically pelvic floor physical therapists,” she said.

Dr. Wright-Terrell states, “Every OB should have a low threshold to send out the referral” for a specialist to accommodate them.

When HCPs approach patients holistically, we may have a better chance of reducing PPWR in our community.

Supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk Inc.

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The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and American Society of Nephrology (ASN) on the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) plans to remove the African American/Black race coefficient from the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) calculation. This comes after removing the race-based formula for transplantation qualifications a few years ago. This is all good news for us. But let’s ensure your doctors, hospitals, and labs know about these changes and aren’t using old calculations. What does it all mean? Read on.

The Race-Based Formula Explained

Kidney function is measured by a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Test. The Black race variable was developed from a study that says we have higher creatinine levels. Dr. Rosas explains.” In the big scheme, the critical number is 20 when people are referred and can be listed for transplant. But the white person would be 19, the Black person would be 22, but the wait list is long for everybody.” But think of it like a Black tax.

In the United States, the wait for a kidney could be between five and six years, depending on the state where you live.

“The problem with being waitlisted is your comorbidities are still progressing. So many patients are removed from the waitlists because they no longer qualify,” Dr. Rosas explains. “A kidney transplant is a surgery, and if your health deteriorates because you have to wait longer, that becomes a problem.”

Advocating For a Race-Free Formula

However, Dr. Rosas points out that medical schools teach students there are no differences between races. “The NFK, the ASN, and OPTN said this is the formula we should use because we didn’t want people to still use the other one. You don’t want to go to your cardiologist and have X kidney function, then you go to your primary care, he’s using another formula, and you have another kidney function; it’s confusing,” she explains. “The NFK has worked really hard with lab companies to have the new formula  reported.” Between 2023-2024, patients who were on the waitlist got an average of 1.7 years of their time back when race was eliminated from the equation.

How Kidneys From Black Donors Were Evaluated

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network used a mathematical equation called a KDRI to estimate the quality of a donated kidney. Under the old equation, kidneys from Black donors were graded as having poorer organ function than kidneys from White donors. As a result, kidneys donated by Black people were often thrown away. The proposed change was included in OPTN’S 2024 winter public comment period and approved for adoption by the OPTN board in June 2024.

In addition to removing race, the updated KDPI no longer includes whether or not the donor was Hepatitis C Virus positive.

Thanks to therapeutic advances, post-transplant outcomes for HCV-positive deceased donor kidney transplants are similar to those of HCV-negative donor kidneys.”With the new approach, some kidneys that may have otherwise been considered unsuitable for transplantation due to the inclusion of race in the formula will now receive more favorable scores, including some that will now be classified with scores that make them more appropriate for transplant,” said Cynthia Delgado, MD, who participated in the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network task force that led efforts to reconsider the use of race and HCV in the formula.

There are many reasons why a donated kidney may not be viable. “Sometimes they’re not good. If they cannot find a donor, the donor doesn’t come on time, and they don’t have a surgeon. Many things could happen,” Dr. Rosas explains.” Four sequences of transplants happened in the United States: the best sequences of your lower score, the lower the number, the better your kidney is. Unfortunately, many of these kidneys end up in the above 85% range.”

Right now, 90,000 people are waiting for kidney transplants, and 12 people die each day waiting.

 Know More About Your Kidney Disease and Transplant Options

Dr. Rosas suggests taking the following and that you know your options:

If You Have a Family History of Hypertension, Diabetes, Kidney Disease or Heart Disease

Request these two tests from your physician annually to assess your kidney health: creatinine and albumin. Work on reversing the progression of chronic kidney disease before it becomes kidney failure.

Check With Your Lab

Make sure they no longer use race-based testing when testing your Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

If You Are On Dialysis (What Have They Said to You About Transplant Eligibility)

If you have been given a brochure, it is time to read it.

If Have Been Turned Down For a Transplant Because Your BMI is too High

Look at other transplant centers; each center sets its eligibility requirements.

The post What’s Race Got to Do With Kidney Donations & Transplants? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

But her perspective informed her story and made her an accomplished storyteller today. Having been diagnosed with lupus at 30, Alford has made adjustments, like learning to say no, but she can still define success on her terms.

Click to listen to our chat or read the transcript of our chat below:

00:00

Hi, everybody. I’m Corynne Corbett, editorial director of Black Health Matter, and I have the pleasure of chatting with an award-winning journalist, Natasha S. Alford, about her memoir, American Negra. Today, I want to focus on cultural issues, identity, hair, and health issues.

What were your challenges with cultural identity and growing up as a Puerto Rican/Black girl in Syracuse, New York.?

00:39

First, Corynne, thank you for having me on; I’m so honored to join you all. And you know, health is a part of this story, both from a cultural and identity perspective and just literally talking about physical health.

This story really highlights what it is like to grow up between two cultures. Growing up in a multicultural family, you’re often told you are both. In my case, I had very supportive parents. They’re like, you know, you are an African American Girl, you’re a Puerto Rican girl, nobody can take that away from you.

But I found that our society was not always accepting of the diversity within those cultures. And so there were a lot of people who sometimes questioned how I could be Latina. Some people asked me to sort of perform my identity; they wanted to know if I could speak Spanish or if I could cook certain foods.

And in all the African American side, although I was generally welcomed, right, most people saw me as a black girl, there were still questions about, you know, just what was my ethnic makeup? So I got a lot of questions of, you know, what are you, and people will look at my hair and be like, are you mixed? Are you something else?

So when you grow up with those questions constantly being thrown at you so early in life, you start to ask the question of yourself, what am I can I truly be 100% of both of these cultures. And so American Negra is the story of finding myself and my voice, but also finding my way as a young person, particularly regarding health and accepting what it means to live a healthy life.

2:19

Yeah, and that’s so important just finding yourself and I think everyone is finding yourself but when you also layer in health, culture and identity, that you know that’s a lot of things that add on to finding yourself right. So tell us how that played out in your hair story and how others saw you both in a Latina in the back cultures and how you saw yourself?

3:18

Hair is such a complex issue. It is an issue that can sometimes spark confidence, if you love the way you look you sort of move through the world in a different way. But if you lack confidence, that can also show up, you or question yourself, that can also show up when it comes to hair. Growing up as an African American and a Latina girl, what I found is that in one culture that my hair texture was celebrated. It was seen as exotic it was seen and long, curly, black hair, but when I was on the other side and looking at Spanish language media, I always saw straight hair. I always hair that was very, very long and Eurocentric, that was the standard of beauty. So in that culture, the texture of my hair, the African influence, the descendency, it would be more likely that me perming my hair would make me fit in.

4:33

So, looking back, what do you wish you could have told your younger self?

5:00

I see that I actually am most beautiful when I’m just myself. You know, I’m most comfortable, I’m able to move through the world with a freedom that I didn’t have before when I was trying to conform, whether it be with hair, or and just sort of presenting myself a certain way culturally.

And so yeah, I think it would be not to waste an ounce of time and that you know, there’s so many aspects of our society that want us to feel shame about our bodies about the way that we look. So we will spend money so we will we will change and there’s such power and taking back that narrative and saying I love myself the way I am.

5:41

So, I’ve got to tell you I was recently just last weekend at the National Black Writers Convention, no, National Black Writers Conference, and a woman, that was a vendor there, said, I want to give you a book recommendation American Negra, and she said, she loved it because she’s a Black woman married to a Panamanian man. And she has daughters. She said that she felt like this was something that she could see. She could give it to her daughters. As an example of, you know, this is a reflection of, you know, something that you can be proud of. This is how you can go up to live biculturally. And she was really, really excited about it. She was like this: this woman who wrote this book, she went to Harvard, you should read it. I said I’m reading, so she was, she’s issues, really excited about it. So you know, you are making an impact, and lots of different spaces.

So, let’s talk about your time at Harvard and how culture and identity evolved while you were there.

6:48

I am blown away, and I can’t believe that it is amazing.

07:10

Well, first, I have to acknowledge that the story is incredible. So thank you to that woman for being, you know, an ambassador for the book. That’s exactly why I wrote it in the sense of, even if you don’t have the exact ethnic background that I have, or you know, cultural background, that people who haven’t felt seen and representations of blackness and Latino ness and American identity see themselves. You know, the book explores what it means to go to a place and to learn that you belong. A lot of my struggles at Harvard, in some ways, were centered around belonging and centered around deservingness. There was a part of me, I think, this duality that WEB DuBois often talked about. There was a part of me that felt that I certainly belonged there.

But there was this other part of me that felt that I still had to prove I belonged there. And so it created a lot of pressure for me. Sometimes, academic insecurity, holding back in class, not using my voice, and not raising my hand are things that I think a lot of young people can relate to if they’re first or second-generation going to college. And so what American Negra does is it shows the journey of finding your voice, finding your confidence, you know, shedding imposter syndrome, and accepting your talents and gifts in that space. And one of the reasons I was able to do that was because of the Harvard Black community, which is a very strong community, a very deep-rooted community that has been around since really the beginning of the college. Black people have always been at Harvard. Harvard tragically built its institution in many ways off of the wealth of slave labor. And so even indirectly, you know, our existence is a part of this institution in this really interesting way, a really sad way. And yet, there have been so many brilliant scholars who’ve come through this place. And so what I wanted to show in American NACADA was our belonging. There’s a lot of conversation right now about DEI. And you know, whether, when people say DEI, they’re referring to Black people, even though DEI benefits so many, but it’s this question of do we deserve what we have, and I think the book really shows, both historically and in my personal story, what it means to know that you belong someplace and know that you deserve to be there.

9:35

Absolutely, absolutely. Now, let’s talk about the Dominican Republic for a minute. What did your time in the Dr. Contribute to your thoughts about being an Afro Latina?

9:53

Readers who see American Negra will see that the Dominican Republic was a turning point for me. I remember landing It was in 2005, the summer of 2005. And, or it was the summer of 2005 or 2006, I have to double-check. But when I got there, I was completely blown away by how many brown-skinned people were there. And it’s not brown in the sense of, you know, the way that we talk about Latina that in the US, we think of sort of tan. So, with just little hints of color, I saw black people everywhere. I saw Afro-descendants everywhere. They were speaking Spanish, you know, they were born and raised in the Dominican Republic. And many of them saw me and assumed that I was Dominican. And so, for the first time in my life, I’m experiencing what it is to blend in as a Latina, to sort of fit in not to be seen as another just because I’m black, but for people to assume just from looking at me that I must be one of them. So I talk in the book about what that does to me, you know, on an emotional level, but also intellectually, this sort of curiosity that it sparks for me to say, Okay, wait a second, I’ve been hearing that Black people have been across the diaspora for years, right, that there were boats that stopped in all these places. But what does it mean to really know that history? How are we connected? But also, what ways are we divided. And so I also learned a bit about the country’s relationship to Haiti. And times when, you know, the relationship was actually really devastating and violent. And so I talked about that in the book as well, which, you know, in modern times, is obviously very relevant to a lot of what we’re seeing in the news right now.

11:34

Yes absolutely so now let’s talk about your health receiving a Lupus diagnosis tell us that story.

11:48

Well, I was just turning 30, or I had just turned 30 years old. And when you turn 30, it’s a it’s a new phase of adulthood, but you’re still pretty young, right, there’s still some assumptions that you make about what it means to be a 30 year old. And so when I got this diagnosis, completely unexpected, you know, I was running in the gym one day and unable to move my wrists. All of a sudden, it felt like my legs were heavy weights with sandbags, tied to them. It took me a while to realize I even had to go to the doctor because I learned so early that the doctors only to be gone to when it’s an emergency. Other than that, you push through the pain. That’s the sort of culture that I came from. That was the kind of upbringing that I had and watching my parents and, you know, my family and the examples around me.

So by the time I went to the doctor, I was blindsided when I was told that I had lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune condition in which your immune system attacks healthy cells. So rather than attacking the invaders, it’s attacking healthy cells that can cause joint damage, organ damage, sometimes it manifests in skin rashes and other pains in the body.

But there’s also a mental toll, depression, and anxiety that comes with having an illness like this because your body is under attack, and it is so unpredictable, even with the different ways that you can manage it. And so what American Negra does is it takes you inside the experience of getting a diagnosis like this, but also what it means to get a diagnosis when you’re at the peak of your career, the right things are about to take off.

You know, you have high expectations for yourself, and how do you manage having big dreams with having a big illness? And so you know, it’s not easy; the spoiler is that it took me a while to accept it took me over a year before I really committed to taking my medication to go into the doctor to taking care of myself. And there were consequences to that which I do talk about but ultimately, the journey of acceptance was a really powerful one because then it allowed me to create a new normal for myself that didn’t require me sacrificing my health in order to succeed.

14:10

It’s an it’s, so let’s talk about lupus not just in the black community. It is also in the Latino community. It is yet so. So, raising awareness of this American mega is a vehicle that raises awareness about the prevalence of lupus is also an opportunity to discuss having lupus because also in our communities, we don’t talk about having autoimmune diseases. You know we keep quiet about these things because that’s our culture.

14:24

Yes

14:55

Yes, and I think that it’s a larger field. Share of American culture is that we put our work first, our health comes second, and there’s a lot of shame and stigma around being a person with a chronic illness because it begs the question, well, what can you do? How productive can you be? Can you still work? And so much of our value in this country is defined by what we do for work. So there’s a reeducation, I think that needs to happen. And you’re right that I’m trying to raise awareness about how this disproportionately affects different communities. First and foremost, lupus disproportionately affects women. So that’s just like across the board: women are more likely to get lupus. But then, when you look at race and the way that we categorize race, generally, in the United States, black women are three times more likely to get lupus than our white female counterparts. Hispanic women are also more likely to get lupus. And one of the questions I post in the book, it’s just because of the way that we track race, ethnicity, you know, for the black Latina, I don’t know what the exact numbers are, I’m not sure that anybody’s looking to see how we are affected by lupus, but they should certainly ask the question. And because of that, you know, we, as Black women, are already facing all of these stressors, right? You look at Black maternal mortality rates, you look at our rates of heart disease, you look at our rates of breast cancer. And so it’s yet another burden that we have to carry, which I think highlights the need for us to be open about it and talk about how we’re coping and getting through to lean on each other. And not feel shame because this is not something we asked for. There’s nothing that we did to deserve lupus, but we do deserve to live rich, meaningful, healthy lives, even despite having this illness. And so I hope to break the stigma by being so public about it at this young age.

16:10

Right. And so let’s talk about caring for yourself. How are you caring for yourself as you continue with your career? What adjustments are you making? Because it’s not that your life has stopped, right? But you make adjustments, and you carry on?

Yeah, certainly has it. Yeah. As the mother of a toddler, you know, between this book, being on CNN, and working at the Grio, it definitely has gone on. Life is going on. You know, I think the big difference between me now and before is that I know how to say no, I didn’t know how to say no before, anytime I was invited to do something. Anytime I had a chance to take on more projects, I did more work. I was doing it because that was how I was cultivated and acculturated, you know, to think that you have to grind and take every opportunity and make the most of it. Now, it’s all about quality over quantity, you know, the quality of my experiences, the quality of my relationships, the quality of the work I’m doing. That’s what matters more than squeezing everything I can into a day. And so even with this book tour for American Negra, we did, you know, the northeast, we went to all these cities DC, Boston, New York, Montclair, New Jersey, Syracuse, my hometown, Rochester, but I built in a pause, because I said, you know, the temptation will be to run myself down to the ground promoting this book. But I have to be a living example of what it means to care for yourself. And the truth is, I’m going to need a break. And so we will pick up the rest of the tour. We’ll go to the south. I’m going to Chicago next month. But I needed to live out those values even as I was doing something like promoting a book where I talked about having lupus.

18:55

[Fo] young women who are growing up in areas where not many people who look like them have their cultures and identities questioned. What should they do?

20:10

Well, I think the first step is realizing you’re not alone. Wherever you are in the world, you are not alone. There’s somebody who shares your experience. And so, even in this digital world where we have all these connections, it is very easy to feel isolated. And so I encourage you to find a community where you can find others who share your experience. That’s the first thing. But I think the second thing is that finding who you are is layered. There’s who you are at work, the jobs you enjoy, and the career you want. There’s also who you are in terms of your family story. One of the things I did in writing American Negrae was go and get genealogy assessments done. So I learned about my ancestry things that I had gone years, never knowing about my family. We were connected to a plantation in Darlington, South Carolina, and my ancestor was enslaved there. My ancestors in Puerto Rico worked in sugarcane fields, and you know, essentially me, these big, rich business owners even richer, but those were the histories that I had been denied. Because, you know, how often are you born and you only know your immediate family’s history. And so it was something about learning where it came from that was so powerful, and it made me feel so much more empowered. Again, it was much more like I belonged as an American; I deserved to be here and proud of what my family has contributed. So I encourage people to get to know themselves and maybe do some of that deeper work to discover your family story and your story. I think that it helps you to see yourself in context in a different way.

22:07
But it, it’s been a joy to talk with you. Thank you so much for having me. I want to encourage all your listeners to follow me I’m right on Instagram, it’s Natasha S. Alford, American negative also has its own Instagram account where we’re posting pictures from book tour events, people’s different reviews. It’s just its really community building is what we’re doing with this book. And you can learn more if you go to AmericanNegra.com is just N E G RA. But we are online and we’re doing this tour we’re traveling around the country went to Puerto Rico for an event. So if you don’t come to see me in person in person, you can always go online, and of course, you can get the book on Amazon, where it is a top book in African American history right now, even four weeks after it’s released. So go ahead and check it out and leave us a review, too. You too.

The post Natasha S. Alford: On Culture, Identity, Health, Hair and Her Book, American Negra appeared first on Black Health Matters.

BHM: How does access to nutritious food directly correlate to our health conditions?

Johane Filemon: Our community has experienced health disparities since the genesis of this country. Today, access to basic medical needs and a qualified and licensed nutritionist is hard for many in our community, primarily due to their financial capabilities and access to health insurance. Others have poor access to nutrient-dense foods due to the food deserts surrounding them. Because of this, you will find that many are experiencing more health conditions linked to the foods they eat and the lack of nutrients they provide. They lack knowledge of nutrition and have to eat what they have access to.

BHM: Are there any specific vitamin or mineral deficiencies that impact us as a collective?

JF: Vitamin D deficiency is often prevalent in our community. The pigmentation or melanin in our skin reduces Vitamin D production. The fact that most of us are indoors most of the time does not help. Low Vitamin D levels have been associated with decreased immune system function. It is essential to consume foods high in Vitamin D and take daily Vitamin D supplementation to maintain adequate Vitamin D levels.

BHM: Which vitamins and supplements are essential for our overall health, and what are the best ways to ensure their safe and effective use?

JF: There are 13 essential vitamins that our bodies require to function daily. Food is the first place we should aim to get them. Vitamins A, B, C, E, and K come from various foods. This is why consuming a diet of colorful plant-based foods is important, so we often consume these various nutrients. Supplements should come in second to support what we cannot get from the foods we eat, which can be due to various reasons.

BHM: What are your top tips regarding prioritizing our health and wellness while limiting the risk of getting overwhelmed?

J F: Making changes that benefit our health and wellness doesn’t happen overnight and can take baby steps. Stressing over these changes can be counterproductive for our overall health. This is why we need to give ourselves a lot of grace as we make these changes. This does not mean we should not be proactive; it is okay to make one change at a time. Start with consuming more colorful plant-based foods. A diet that consists predominantly of various plant-based foods allows for more consumption of different vitamins and minerals, promoting good gut health by feeding the good bacteria in our gut and our overall body.

BHM: As research often suggests, Black people have higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. What are the best ways within nutritional wellness to combat these conditions?

J F: Start with the basics! Consuming a predominantly plant-based diet where 1/2 of your plate is non-starchy vegetables and fruits as tolerated, 1/4 of your plate a protein, and 1/4 a starch. When managing diabetes and hypertension, tolerance of different foods can be person-specific. It is essential to get the recommendation of a dietitian nutritionist who can evaluate a person’s current health status when making recommendations for better success.

BHM: How can people verify their quality and purity when taking supplements? Are there any red flags they should look for when choosing them?

JF: Unfortunately, supplements are not regulated. I recommend always asking an expert for advice on which supplements are best, especially if a medical diagnosis and prescription medications are also being consumed. Look for supplements that have minimal extra ingredients. Any supplements that claim to heal or make extreme changes “overnight” and “it’s all you will need” to get the results you are looking for should be a big red flag.

Eating a well-balanced diet is the primary source of good nutrition. Still, Supplements and wellness products can be helpful for an additional wellness boost. BHM has created a list of a few Black-owned wellness and health brands.

Veev Nutrition

Veev Nutrition is a brand that focuses on gut health and well-being. Our Johane Filemon founded it! Veev Nutrition is a supplement line created with premium ingredients with a proven history of fighting inflammation, building a diverse gut microbiome, and repairing the damage caused by toxins in our environment and food. An additional bonus of this brand is that it is black and woman-owned, so not only will your support aid in your health, but it will also contribute to our community.

Body Complete Rx

Body Complete Rx, founded by Samia Gore in 2017, is a black and woman-owned wellness brand offering plant-based supplements designed to support many health and fitness goals. Body Complete Rx worked with renowned nutritionist Dr. Ruby Lathon to formulate and launch five product lines, each prioritizing a different wellness goal to support a well-rounded, healthier life.

Peak + Valley

Peak + Valley, founded in 2015 by Nadine Joseph, is known for its supplements for brain and skin health and stress support. Nadine traveled worldwide to source herbs to support and uplift the global herbal community through direct sourcing practices. Nadine’s brand reflects her upbringing, as she looks for natural remedies at the intersection of science and traditional medicine. With Peak and Valley, she hopes to build a better herbal trade with transparent sourcing, unquestionably high-quality ingredients, and science-backed knowledge.

Black Girl Vitamins

Black Girl Vitamins is another excellent brand for those seeking support for vitamin deficiencies. The founder, Maxine, created Black Girl Vitamins to address the nutritional needs of underserved Black women and the scientifically proven nutritional deficiencies common within our community. According to their website, some of the areas that they focus on include:

•  Vitamin D, 82% of black women are deficient.
•  Iron, Black women are 3x more likely to have anemia.
• Cholesterol, the highest prevalence of heart disease, occurs in the black community.
•  Pregnancy, the highest infant and maternal mortality, as well as PCOS, occurs among black women.

Black Girl Vitamins carefully crafts products to nourish and empower Black women so that they can thrive on their wellness journeys.

Golde

Golde is Black and Japanese-owned and was founded in 2017 by Trinity Mouzon Wofford and Issey Kobori. Golde is making wellness accessible, fun, and easy for everyone, providing its supporters with healthy superfood essentials. Their product lineup focuses on superfoods that address common health needs, including stress relief, gut health, skin hydration, and immune support. Of all their products, their matcha additives are immensely popular and have other products that can benefit unique needs.

Before trying any of these products, please speak to your healthcare provider to ensure they will be safe and effective. Remember, it is never too late to prioritize your health, nutrition, and wellness.

The post RDN Johane Filemon on How Supplements Fit into to Your Nutrition Plan appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Type 2 diabetes disproportionately impacts the Black community. African Americans are 60% more likely to be diagnosed with the condition and at least twice as likely to be hospitalized and experience long-term complications including death, when compared to non-Hispanic whites

Factors that may contribute to this health disparity include genetics, socioeconomic factors, and access to quality healthcare. Prevention and management are key factors to reduce the impact of type 2 diabetes among African Americans and improve outcomes.

You can navigate your type 2 diabetes diagnosis by understanding the risks and making informed choices. There are several adverse health consequences of type 2 diabetes but many of them may be preventable.

Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes

In general, type 2 diabetes control is evaluated by measuring routine blood sugar readings. Blood sugar goals may vary slightly based on patient-specific factors such as age and presence of other health problems. There are two ranges for blood sugar goals.

• Fasting (before meal): 80-130 mg/dL
• After a meal (2 hours): less than 180 mg/dL

The A1c test is a blood test that is used to measure the 3-month average of your blood sugars. It is used to provide additional insight into diabetes control. A1c is expressed as a percentage with a recommended A1c target of < 7% for most people with diabetes.

Consequences of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes

If left uncontrolled, type 2 diabetes can result in long term consequences over time. These health risks involve various parts of the body and can greatly impact quality of life and overall health.

Long-term complications of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes include:

Heart problems

Heart disease is the most fatal complication associated with type 2 diabetes. People living with diabetes are two times more likely to have a stroke or heart disease than people who don’t have diabetes. Symptoms of heart disease include shortness of breath, tiredness, chest pain, and numbness in your arms or legs. You can maintain your heart health by managing your diabetes.

Kidney damage

Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney damage resulting in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our kidneys serve as blood filters for our bodies. High blood sugar levels can be present in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and cause the kidneys to have to work harder, diminishing their function and causing damage long term.  CKD often develops slowly, and it may be difficult to identify symptoms of kidney disease until it’s too late. You can prevent kidney disease by keeping your blood sugar at goal.

Nerve damage

Nerve damage affects nearly 50% of people living with type 2 diabetes. The most common type is peripheral neuropathy which impacts nerves in the hands, feet, legs, and arms. Symptoms include tingling, pain, increased sensitivity, or numbness of the affected area. Controlling your blood sugar is the best way to prevent nerve damage. You should also have foot exams completed routinely and help identify issues proactively.

Vision issues

Diabetes can damage your eyes over time. It is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults 18-64 years of age. People of color are at higher risk of going blind due to diabetes complications. While there aren’t any signs or symptoms to monitor for, you can be proactive by completing an annual eye exam to monitor for eye disease and delay vision loss.

Mental health

Living with diabetes and managing your condition can come with an overload of different emotions. You may feel anxious, worried, discouraged, and frustrated. Address mental health concerns with your health care provider and consider speaking with a therapist or counselor if needed

Take Control

You can lower your risk of diabetes-related complications by making healthy lifestyle changes, monitoring your readings regularly and working to keep them at goal, taking your medications as prescribed, and following up with your doctor regularly. Medication therapy plays a major role in lowering your risk, especially for those at high risk or who have prediabetes.

Take control of your health and avoid the consequences of type 2 diabetes through informed choices, regular checkups, taking your medications, and committing to a healthy lifestyle.

Lilly is also working to help you take control of your health through clinical trial participation. Click here to learn more.

References

• American Diabetes Association. Statistics About Diabetes
• United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. Diabetes and African Americans
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manage Blood Sugar
• American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Complications
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes and Mental Health

The post Avoiding Consequences of Type 2 Diabetes appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Superwoman Schema Defined

According to Berkely News, SWS is characterized by a few things, including the following:

• Feeling obligated to present an image of strength
• Suppressing one’s emotions.
• An intense drive to succeed.
• Feeling a strong obligation to help others.
• Resistance to being vulnerable.

Over time, as we displace our needs to consistently portray an image of strength or continuously put others before ourselves, little by little, ounces of pressure accumulates. Eventually, we are left with pounds of stress. This burden can lead to chronic conditions and many health issues.

How It Manifests in Black Women Over Time

An article from the American Heart Association delves into where SWS starts and how it manifests as Black women age. They gathered information from Amani M. Allen, an associate professor of community and health sciences and epidemiology at the University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health. According to Allen, being a superwoman begins when Black women are little girls, and it ages with them as they become teenagers and continues into their womanhood. SWS and its harmful effects are amplified as Black women are forced to approach both racism and sexism in their journeys of life.

Black women experience the impact of centuries of racism and the residual aspects of unfairness that exist within our systems today. Black women typically earn less than their counterparts of other races. For example, in 2019, compared to white non-Hispanic men, the pay gap for Black women was 38%, as stated by the American Association of University Women. Along with that, we may face limitations regarding opportunities in the workplace. Additionally, Black women face harsh health outcomes, as we often experience a lack of attentiveness in health facilities, and there are so many health disparities impacting us as a collective. To shield ourselves from these things, we tend to suit up in armor that temporarily aids us in suppressing our emotions so that we can appear strong while protecting ourselves from vulnerability. However, this may work temporarily; beneath the surface, all those emotions brew until we can no longer contain the steam. From there, we can be steered down a dark path with doors leading to things such as depression, heart disease, obesity, sleep problems, and much more.

The Historical Context

In an interview with Fox 26 Houston News, Dr. Christine Beliard explained how SWS is connected to history and the necessity for Black women to have safe outlets to be free of their vulnerability. “We have a unique experience. For generations, our ability to be worth anything was based on what we could produce, even literally, who we could produce,” she said.
Dr. Beliard went on to refer to the times of enslavement in America and how Black women were never given the chance to relax or to not be at their best. Productivity was constant and mandatory.

“A lot of the work really is, not that you must go to therapy, but finding a safe space. If you must be hyper-vigilant and take care of this at work and home, you can’t be vulnerable. If you are in a state of hypervigilance, you are in a traumatic response. So, it is important to find a trustworthy space, a place where you can be honest.” she says. “Even if it is therapy or a good girlfriend, you cannot hold that in. We are like pressure cookers. If you hold that in, put on that top, and turn up that heat, it will come out in one way or another.”

SWS is a result of the united effort of Black women as we strive to be dependable and admirable members of our communities while simultaneously exuding excellence to defy false stereotypes of aggression, laziness, and loudness that have historically and unjustly been associated with us. Together, we can deconstruct SWS and evolve into the habit of acknowledging our feelings and the necessity for our wellness holistically.

The Negative Impact of Being a Strong Black Woman

In a wonderful interview with Northwestern Now, Northwestern Medicine clinical psychologist Inger Burnett-Zeigler explained the negative impact of being a “strong Black woman” and highlighted some things Black women can do to strengthen their vulnerability and wellness. She said, “For too long, being strong means avoiding or denying how you really feel. It is holding painful experiences, like trauma, in shame and secrecy. We deal with things by pushing our feelings aside, keeping our eye on the prize, and getting the task done,” she explained.”This is how we survive. We are afraid if we slow down long enough to think about all the difficult things we’ve been through and our pain, we’ll fall apart.

Furthermore, Burnett-Zeigler noted, “Some black women do not have the necessary tools to cope with their feelings healthily. As a result, they may engage in unhealthy coping strategies such as eating unhealthy foods, drinking alcohol, using illicit drugs, being sedentary or a workaholic,” she says. “On the other hand, many Black women do have healthy coping resources such as utilizing spiritual and religious practices. Also, they may be involved in organizations such as sororities, women’s groups, volunteerism, or charity clubs.

Superwoman Schema is evidence of the resilience of Black women and a reminder of the immense societal pressures we face. While we are intelligent, talented, ambitious, and strong, we should also be allowed the space to be vulnerable and authentic. Let’s start making room in the narrative for more self-compassion as we pave the way for generational healing and our collective well-being.

Here are some things we can do:

• Evaluate and prioritize your feelings and be kind to yourself.
• Seek support. Finding a therapist and talking with friends and family are healthy ways to discuss your feelings and to feel understood.
• Set boundaries, try to refrain from stressing yourself out with tasks, and sometimes you have to say no.

The post The Toll On Our Health When We Try to Be Superwomen (There’s Research) appeared first on Black Health Matters.

PCOS Explained

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)is a hormonal condition, it consists of an imbalance that occurs when the ovaries produce excessive androgens, these are sex hormones that contribute to puberty, reproductive health, and body development according to The Cleveland Clinic. Although males produce more androgens, they are produced by both males and females. This excessive production can lead to imbalanced reproductive hormones.

What are the Symptoms?

The Mayo Clinic has provided insight into the symptoms of PCOS, if you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, you should visit your healthcare provider. PCOS symptoms include the following:

• Irregular periods, having few menstrual periods or having periods that are not regular are common signs of PCOS.
• Excessively lengthy periods, having periods that last for many days or longer than is typical for a period can be a cause for concern.
• Fertility issues.
• Too much androgen, elevated levels of the hormone androgen may result in excess facial and body hair, this is called hirsutism. High androgen levels can contribute to male-pattern baldness and severe acne as well.
•  Polycystic ovaries, the ovaries might become bigger, and many follicles containing immature eggs may develop around the edge of the ovaries. This can contribute to cysts and difficulties with the function of the ovaries.

Additionally, PCOS can be a risk factor for other complications in a woman’s life. The Mayo Clinic has created a list of complications that can occur for women diagnosed with PCOS, the list includes:

• Infertility.
• Gestational diabetes or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure.
•  Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, this is a severe liver inflammation caused by fat buildup in the liver.
• Miscarriage or premature birth.
•  Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.
• Sleep apnea
•  Metabolic syndrome, this is a cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and unhealthy cholesterol or triglyceride levels that significantly increase one’s risk of heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease.
•  Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
• Endometrial cancer, this is cancer of the uterine lining.

Hirsutism

According to the Resilient Sisterhood Project, Black women with PCOS are shown to have higher rates of hirsutism, insulin resistance, obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, high blood sugar and a higher risk or cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome. People with PCOS hirsutism typically have course, visible, dark hairs growing in these parts of the body. These hairs are commonly called androgenic. Many women select from the following methods to manage their hair growth:

Manual removal, such as shaving, plucking, or waxing.

* Depilatory agents, such as topical gels, lotions, or hair removal creams.

* Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills that boost estrogen levels and anti-androgen drugs that can decrease testosterone levels.

* Electrolysis, this technique kills the growth center of a hair with electricity.

* Laser hair reduction, this kills hair with a laser, it has been proven to work best on fair-skinned people with very dark hair. (Editor’s note To avoid an adverse reaction you must go to a board-certified dermatologist experienced with dark skin that has a laser designed for use for dark skin).

If you are experiencing signs of hirsutism , this is not enough to equate to a direct PCOS diagnosis, we urge you to visit your healthcare providers to get a thorough understanding of your symptoms, this can aid in proper diagnoses regarding PCOS or other conditions.

Treating Your PCOS

Since PCOS does not have a cure, treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and complications that concern patients, these focal points can be different for every individual. This could include infertility, hirsutism, acne, or obesity, according to the Mayo Clinic. Lifestyle changes and medication may be suggested for patients to achieve their health goals. To regulate periods and ovulation, healthcare providers may recommend some of the following options:

•  A combination of birth control pills, that contain both estrogen and progestin decrease androgen production and regulate estrogen. Regulating these hormones can lower the risk of endometrial cancer and lessen symptoms associated with PCOS.
• Progestin therapy, taking progestin for 10 to 14 days every 1 to 2 months can regulate periods and protect women against endometrial cancer.
•  Clomiphene, this oral anti-estrogen medication is taken during the first part of a woman’s menstrual cycle, it can help with ovulation and the process of getting pregnant.
• Letrozole (Femara), this breast cancer treatment can work to stimulate the ovaries.
• Metformin, this medicine for type 2 diabetes that can be taken orally improves insulin resistance and lowers insulin levels.
• Patients can also discuss topical gels, creams, and medications to reduce the speed of excessive hair growth and the effects that high androgen levels can have on the skin.

Navigating life with PCOS can certainly be tough and many women suffer mentally as they struggle to find support in an experience that can be very isolating. Here at BHM, we want to remind you that you are not alone, and we urge you to find support whether it be from healthcare providers, friends, family, therapists, other women living with this condition, or a combination of all these things.The Resilient Sisterhood Project has reported the experiences of many black women with PCOS who have felt invisible and invalidated when seeking help from medical practitioners. Others have had their symptoms dismissed. been bullied about their weight  instead of the root cause of their issues.

It is imperative that Black woman try their absolute best to research their doctors, read patient reviews, and remain confident in their knowledge of their experiences and the questions that they are seeking answers for. We don’t deserve to be profiled or dismissed when we are trying to take care of our health, advocating for ourselves is one of the keys to attaining proper healthcare and holding our healthcare providers accountable

If you happen to have PCOS, your story and experiences are valuable. Remember to always advocate for yourself and your health and have compassion for yourself as you go through this journey.

The post How Does PCOS Impact Your Health? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Anthony Anderson is a paid spokesperson for Novo Nordisk and this article is sponsored by Novo Nordisk.

Can you tell us about your experience with type 2 diabetes?
I was first diagnosed at age 29. I was familiar with the symptoms, such as excessive thirst and frequent bathroom trips,¹ but one night, no matter how hard I tried to quench my thirst, I couldn’t. That’s when I knew something was going on. I went to see my doctor and after tests showed my glucose level was off the charts, I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. It was a reality check. Immediately I thought, okay, where did I go wrong? What did I do that led to this? What do I do now? At first, I went on medication and followed a plan, but looking back, I didn’t take the disease too seriously. I was the first person in my family to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, followed by my mother, Mama Doris, and, finally, the father who raised me.

What did you do after you were diagnosed?
I made a lifestyle change, starting with being conscious about my health, getting fit, and listening to my healthcare professionals. No matter what your lifestyle is like, prioritizing healthy eating and exercise takes a lot—but you can also start small and go from there. At first, I took the stairs instead of the elevator. I walked around my neighborhood and ate healthy foods, but also took the advice of my doctor to enjoy things in moderation before phasing them out of my diet. Over time, it made a difference. I’ve learned there’s no secret to type 2 diabetes—you’re either managing it, or it’s hurting you.

How did you “get real” about your diabetes?
My diagnosis made me think back to my childhood. I remembered things about my dad’s life: the late-night bathroom breaks, the midday sleeping and being lethargic. I realized he had diabetes my entire life and had never been diagnosed. Ultimately, we lost him to cardiovascular disease. It wasn’t until his death that we learned he had been living with type 2 diabetes all this time, completely unmanaged. It was a tragic loss and made me think, “I don’t want to do that to my family. I don’t want to become a statistic.” That’s when I got real about managing my type 2 diabetes.

What do you want people to know about type 2 diabetes and its associated risks?
Most importantly, learn what puts you at risk of getting type 2 diabetes. This includes family history, obesity, age, whether you live an active lifestyle or are part of a high-risk ethnic group, like me as a Black man.¹
My doctor told me that having type 2 diabetes also puts you at increased risk of CKD and experiencing a major cardiovascular event like stroke, heart attack, or death^2-4 Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people living with type 2 diabetes.⁷ On top of that, about 40% of people with type 2 diabetes live with CKD,⁸ yet nearly 90% of adults with CKD don’t even know they have it.⁹

Since your diagnosis, what were you most surprised to learn about the impact of the disease?
As a Black man, I felt especially surprised to learn that certain ethnic groups are considered high-risk. The Black community is disproportionately impacted by type 2 diabetes and the risks associated with it. ^5,6 Black Americans are more than three times as likely as White Americans to have kidney failure¹⁰ and six times more likely than White Americans to get kidney failure from their high blood pressure.¹¹ It’s scary stuff.

As someone living with type 2 diabetes, are there other long-term effects you have discussed with your doctor?
Yes. I’ve learned that, if not managed over time, high blood sugar can cause harm to your heart and kidneys.¹² The longer you have type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or heart disease, the more likely you are to have kidney damage.¹³ It’s all connected, but there are ways to lower the risks and by educating yourself, and talking to your doctor, you’ve already taken the first step!

To anyone who has type 2 diabetes or knows someone who does, what would you tell them?
Get proactive and GET REAL! Talk to a healthcare professional to learn the risks for yourself and share them with your family or community—someone might be pre-diabetic or going through the same things. Living with type 2 diabetes and managing it successfully is a daily commitment that’s worth it. I always say, I’d rather live with this disease than die from it. It’s up to each of us to understand type 2 diabetes and associated risks, get the information we need and talk to our family members.
If you or someone you know is living with or at risk of type 2 diabetes, it’s time to get real about the link between type 2 diabetes, CKD and CVD. Talk to your healthcare professional about ways to manage your risks, including testing and treating early, managing your blood pressure and understanding genetic factors.
To learn more about type 2 diabetes, the increased risk of CKD and CVD, or to help you get real about your diabetes, visit www.GetRealAboutDiabetes.com.

– – –

References:
1. Cleveland Clinic. Type 2 Diabetes. Accessed October 8, 2024.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21501-type-2-diabetes.
2. American Diabetes Association. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Accessed September 18, 2024. https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/cardiovascular-disease.
3. de Boer IH, Rue TC, Hall YN, et al. Temporal trends in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2011;305:2532-2539.
4. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2020 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2020;98:S1–S115. Published May 15, 2020. Accessed June 24, 2024.
5. Saab KR., Kendrick J, Yracheta JM, Lanaspa M A, Pollard M, Johnson R J. New insights on the risk for cardiovascular disease in African Americans: the role of added sugars. J Am Soc Nephrol.,2015;26(2):247–257. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2014040393
6. Osayande A. Assessing the relationship between racism in medicine, medical mistrust and cardiovascular disease among Black American adults. (2024). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 4355. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/4355
7. American Heart Association. Target: type 2 diabetes. Accessed September 18, 2024. https://www.heart.org/en/professional/quality-improvement/target-type-2-diabetes/.
8. Feng XS, Farej R, Dean BB, et al. CKD prevalence among patients with and without type 2 diabetes: regional differences in the United States. Kidney Med. 2021;4(1):100385.doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2021.09.003
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic kidney disease in the United States, 2023.Accessed October 4, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/php/data-research/index.html.
10. National Kidney Foundation. Race, ethnicity, & kidney disease. Published January 7, 2016. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/minorities-KD#:~:text=Black%20or%20African%20Americans%20are%20more%20than%203.
11. American Kidney Fund (AKF). Race/ethnicity – kidney disease risk factors. Published October 29, 2021. www.kidneyfund.org. https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/risk-factors/raceethnicity-kidney-disease-risk-factors.
12. National Kidney Foundation. Diabetes and kidney disease (stages 1-4). Accessed July 2, 2024. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/Diabetes-and-Kidney-Disease-Stages1-4
13. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetic kidney disease. Accessed June 24, 2024. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health- information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-kidney- disease#:~:text=The%20A1C%20goal%20for%20many,check%20your%20blood%20glucose%20levels.

Novo Nordisk is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S.
© 2025 Novo Nordisk All rights reserved. US24NNM00144 March 2025

The post Q&A with Anthony Anderson: “I Got Real About my Type 2 Diabetes—and I Never Looked Back” appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Prepare for Appointments

Prior to your appointment:

• Write down any questions or concerns you’d like to address to ensure that you don’t forget. This will also allow you to focus on topics that are important to you.
• Your provider will likely assess your symptoms at each visit. Let them know if there is anything you have tried that has made your symptoms better or worse. This includes over the counter oral and topical medications.
• Aim to be as detailed and specific as possible.
• Be prepared to discuss which parts of your body and how much of your body is affected by lesions, what symptoms you are currently experiencing (pain, itching, redness, etc.), and if you have identified any triggers.

Be open and honest

Follow up appointments allow your provider to monitor your progress and make necessary adjustments. Nothing should be off limits with your provider. Follow up visits are time for you to be honest about how you’re doing and provide feedback. Your feedback can help your care team make informed treatment decisions.

This is the time to be transparent about what you feel is working for you as well as any challenges you are facing. This is also a great time to make your provider aware of any side effects you are experiencing. Any mental or emotional challenges should also be discussed.

Collaborate in Decision Making

Managing your psoriasis should be a joint effort between you and your care team. Your treatment plan should align with your lifestyle and goals. Discuss your current treatment plan, goals and preferences.

If the process seems overwhelming, bring a trusted individual such as a family member or friend that will speak up and advocate for you.

Ask questions and seek clarification

If something is unclear, ask for clarification. If you still don’t understand, ask for additional resources that will enhance your understanding. There are many layers to living with psoriasis.

Helpful questions to ask include:

• Psoriasis is associated with several comorbidities such as heart disease. Am I being monitored for these?
• Are there any lifestyle or dietary changes that may improve my symptoms?
• There are surveys that assess quality of life in patients with psoriasis. Should I take one?
• Are there any risks associated with my current treatment plan?
• I know there is no cure for psoriasis, but at what point should I be concerned that my symptoms aren’t improving?
• I am not responding well to my current treatment, what other treatment options are available?
• Do I qualify for any ongoing clinical trials for psoriasis?

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with plaque psoriasis and would like to learn more about an ongoing clinical trial the LATITUDE study.

References

• Health and quality of life outcomes. Quality of life in patients with psoriasis.
• Singapore Medical Journal. Management of psoriasis in primary care.

The post 4 Healthcare Provider Tips: A Discussion Guide for Patients Living with Psoriasis appeared first on Black Health Matters.

This lifelong condition is characterized by the presentation of itchy plaques on the skin’s surface. Psoriasis can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe disease.The majority of cases are classified as mild to moderate. Plaques can appear anywhere on the skin but appear most commonly on the abdomen and midsection, scalp, hands, feet, elbows, and knees. Plaques are patches of skin covered in white or silver colored scales that vary in size and are round in shape. The peak ages of onset are between 20-30 years of age and 50-60 years of age. Men and women are affected equally. Psoriasis is not contagious.

While psoriasis is less prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians, it is underdiagnosed in African Americans and people of color. This may be because psoriasis is easier to identify on lighter skin tones. Patients with psoriasis have a higher risk of developing heart disease and risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure, conditions which disproportionately impact African Americans.

Symptoms

Symptoms of plaque psoriasis may vary from person to person.

Some common symptoms of plaque psoriasis may include:

• Itching
• Burning
• Soreness
• Pain and discomfort associated with cracking and bleeding of the skin
• Nail changes

There may also be bleeding if a scale is removed. You may also notice that plaques appear to be equally distributed in a mirror-image or symmetrical fashion on various parts of the body such as the knees and elbows.

Causes and Triggers

The exact cause of plaque psoriasis is not completely understood. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. If you have an immediate family member with plaque psoriasis, you are more likely to get it. There are several other risk factors associated with plaque psoriasis. Avoiding triggers may help reduce and manage symptoms. Other risk factors include:

• Stress
• Infection
• Use of certain medications
• Skin injuries
• Dry, cold weather
• Tobacco use
• Heavy alcohol use

Diagnosis

Plaque psoriasis can be difficult to diagnose and is typically established by physical examination. Your doctor may examine your skin and assess your symptoms. A skin biopsy is not required but may help your provider rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Plaque psoriasis is a chronic condition that requires long term treatment. There is no definitive cure, but the main goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

A 2014 survey revealed that close to 50% of patients with psoriasis had not been seen by a healthcare provider in the past year. Many were either not taking prescription medications or only using a topical treatment. This gap in care highlights the importance of furthering clinical research to study the safety and efficacy of potential new therapies to treat the condition.

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with plaque psoriasis learn more about the LATITUDE study.

References

• Kimmel, G. W., & Lebwohl, M. (2018). Psoriasis: Overview and Diagnosis. Evidence-Based Psoriasis: Diagnosis and Treatment
• National Psoriasis Foundation. Psoriasis Statistics
• American Journal of Managed Care. Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Overview
• American Academy of Dermatology Association. What Is Psoriasis?
• Dermatology and Therapy. Clinical Goals and Barriers to Effective Psoriasis Care
• Psoriasis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

The post All About Plaque Psoriasis: What You Need to Know appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Maya Feller, a registered dietitian, is making wellness inclusive and accessible for all. Learn how she found this passion, what inclusive nutrition means, and three wellness tips you can start using today.

Finding Her Purpose

Feller first learned how important personalized nutrition was while training for a marathon.

“My running partner ended up in the hospital twice. The first time, she was over-hydrated. Then, she was under-hydrated. I researched running nutrition and found an entire field dedicated to it. I decided to become a dietitian and fell in love with nutrition science,” said Feller. “When I started working in the community, I felt such a sense of purpose. I decided to focus on inclusive nutrition. No community deserves to be left out of the wellness conversation.”

She turned this dream into a reality by opening a practice to help people of all backgrounds manage or revert chronic conditions. Feller considers social determinants of health in her day-to-day work with patients.

“Wellness looks different for everyone. Everything from your zip code to education and finances impacts the ability to live your best life,” said Feller. “Wellness doesn’t mean free from disease. If you have a chronic condition, wellness means managing it well.”

NKF is here to help no matter where you are in your kidney health journey. Join the Kidney Learning Center to find the online course you need to take the next step with confidence.

Providing Inclusive Nutrition

Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is at the core of Feller’s practice. These evidence-based protocols help people manage conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, two leading causes of kidney disease. In some cases, MNT involves medication and lifestyle changes like exercising more.

Lifestyle changes can be hard enough, but for some, they may feel insurmountable.

“If you don’t have access to affordable, nourishing foods, you may have to rely on items with excess added sugar, salt, and fat. These items can increase chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. If you’re tired from working multiple jobs, what can you put on the table that is easy, affordable, and nutritious?” Feller asked, “How do we work in that framework to put food on the plate that supports metabolic health?”

The answer to this difficult question is getting creative and starting small.

“Start by buying frozen or canned vegetables. Incorporate shelf-stable, nutrient-rich items like beans and rice into your diet,” said Feller. “If it’s safe, go out and move your body even if only for ten minutes. Take a few minutes to leave your office building or house to go sit in the sun and stretch your body.”

Over time, these smaller changes can add up and make even big goals like lowering blood pressure more achievable.

“If you can, reach out to a trauma-educated mental healthcare provider. You deserve the help.” Feller said, “The emotional component of this work is just as important as the nutritional and physical.”

Do you need support? NKF Peers may help. We can connect you with another experienced kidney patient to talk about kidney disease, dialysis, transplant, or living kidney donation.

Feller’s Top Nutrition Tips

Inspired to improve your own health and wellness? Feller has three tips to get started: rest, hydrate, and add more plant-based foods to your diet.

1. Focus on rest

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, getting enough sleep has many benefits.

The benefits of sleep include:

• Getting sick less often
• Staying at a healthy weight
• Lowering the risk of chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease
• Reducing stress
• Improving mood

But rest involves more than sleep.

“Prioritizing emotional well-being is imperative when thinking about health and wellness. That can look like taking the space to rest and relax,” said Feller. “Look at how rest fits into your life and determine what it looks like to you.”

Rest takes many forms, including doing a hobby you enjoy, moving your body, or meditating. It depends on what activities you enjoy and the types of experiences that fill up your cup.

Here are eight stress-management techniques to try.

2. Hydrate properly

As Feller learned early in her journey, drinking the right amount of water is crucial. Too much or too little can impact how the body works and even cause kidney damage. There’s no fixed rule for how much water everyone should drink. It depends on many factors, including;

• Age
• Climate
• Amount of exercise
• Pregnancy
• Chronic conditions

“Everyone’s hydration needs are different but be mindful of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol.” Feller said, “These two things can impact anyone’s blood sugar and pressure. Speak with a healthcare provider to determine what proper hydration looks like to you.”

Learn how to be water-wise.

3. Eat more plant-based foods

A recent study found that eating more plant- and less animal-based foods can lower the risk of or slow the decline of kidney disease.

“Lean into the fiber and nutrient-rich foods from your childhood. What is recognizable, enjoyable, and accessible to you? This could be anything from jicama, plantains, or beans.” Feller said, “Eat the rainbow. Berries, nuts, and seeds are fantastic, but there are many more options, like quinoa, millet, teff, and red, black, or wild rice.”

Check with a healthcare provider before changing your diet–especially if you have kidney disease or other chronic conditions. They will help you determine which plant-based foods are right for you.

Find a registered kidney dietitian near you.

This story appears through our partnership with The National Kidney Foundation.

The post Registered Dietician Maya Feller On Inclusive Wellness and Nutrition appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Get a referral

Talk to your primary care physician. You can also ask family, friends, and other health-care providers for recommendations. After you narrow your list, call each nephrologist’s office and ask for a consultation appointment to interview the doctor.

Do your homework.

Board certification is one of the most crucial factors when choosing a nephrologist. This tells you the doctor has the necessary training, skills, and experience to provide the appropriate care. When nephrologists are board-certified, they have gone beyond the minimal standards to be knowledgeable and effective in their field, as stated by the American Board of Physician Specialists. Additionally, you should confirm the nephrologist has no history of malpractice claims or disciplinary actions. To do this, find the nephrologist’s medical school, training hospital, and certifications on state websites.

Consider experience.

The more experience a nephrologist has with a condition or procedure, the better your results will likely be. Ask how many patients with your specific condition the nephrologist has treated. If you know you need a specific procedure, ask how many of the procedures the doctor has performed and learn about complication rates, the complications the doctor has encountered, and your own risk of complications.

Research the hospital.

Your doctor’s hospital is your hospital. For this reason, the quality of care at the hospital and dialysis center should be considered when the nephrologist can provide care. Hospital quality is important because patients at top-rated hospitals have fewer complications and better survival rates, according to Healthgrades. Additionally, consider whether the hospital’s location is important to you. Frequent tests, treatments, or follow-up visits may mean you need a convenient location.

Check patient satisfaction surveys.

Reading what other people have to say about a doctor can provide insight into how a doctor practices medicine, as well as how their medical practice is operated. Patient satisfaction surveys typically ask people about their experience with scheduling appointments, wait times, office environment, and office staff friendliness. This can help you learn about how much patients trust a specific doctor, how much time they spend with them, and how well the doctor answers questions.

Know what your insurance covers.

You may need to choose a nephrologist in your plan to receive the most insurance benefits and pay the least out-of-pocket. It is important to consider a nephrologist’s credentials, experience, outcomes, and hospital quality in your plan.

 To help you get started, we’ve compiled a list of the top African American nephrologists in the country in the Black Health Matters Nephrologist Guide. Is one near you? 

1. Kirk Campbell, M.D.

Dr. Kirk Cambell is the Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professor of Medicine as well as the Professor of Pharmacological Sciences and the inaugural Director of the Mount Sinai Center for Kidney Disease Innovation in New York. Dr. Campbell is also the principal investigator (PI) of Mount Sinai’s Kidney Precision Project Recruitment Site. With all his experience, Dr. Campbell understands his patients’ challenges and works hard to provide effective healthcare.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
(212) 241-6500 

2. Olayiwola Ayodeji, M.D. 

Nephrologist Olayiwola Ayodeji, M.D., directs the Clinical Research Program at Peninsula Kidney Associates. He has led the development of the Clinical Trials Program at Peninsula Kidney Associates and served as a principal investigator (PI) on many research trials. He is the Medical Director of Davita Newmarket Dialysis Center and the Davita Home Training Center. He is board-certified in nephrology and internal medicine.

Peninsula Kidney Associates
501 Butler Farm Road, Suite I, Hampton, Virginia 23666
(757) 251-7469 

3. Paul W. Crawford, M.D.

Paul W. Crawford is a nephrologist and hypertension specialist in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Crawford is a graduate of Loyola University of Chicago and Stritch School of Medicine, and he has been practicing for more than 40 years.

Associates in Nephrology
10801 S Western Ave, Suite 201, Chicago, Illinois 60643
(773) 770-4824 

4. Crystal Gadegbeku, M.D.

A graduate of the University of Virginia, Crystal Gadegbeku, M.D., is a nephrology specialist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is affiliated with multiple hospitals and centers such as Temple University Hospital and Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Gadegbeku is the Chair of the Department of Nephrology in the Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute of the Cleveland Clinic Health System. She has been involved in the National Institute of Health clinical and translational research. Dr. Gadegbeku’s areas of clinical interest include the management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Temple University Department of Nephrology
3401 North Broad Street, Suite 100, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
(215) 707-0744 

5. Eddie Greene, M.D.

Mayo Clinic internist and nephrologist Eddie Green, M.D., treats chronic kidney disease, heart disease, and kidney cancer. His interests include chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure, and renal cell cancer.

Mayo Clinic
200 1st St SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
(507) 284-2511

6. Susanne Nicholas, M.D.

Dr. Nicholas is board-certified in internal medicine and nephrology. She is a tenured Professor of Medicine and Clinical Hypertension Specialist in the Division of Nephrology. She chairs the Nephrology Racial and Health Equity Committee at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She has joint appointments in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Policy.

UCLA Specialty/Endocrinology
200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 565, Los Angeles, California 90095
310) 267-2555

7. Carmen Peralta, M.D.

Clinical investigator and association professor of medicine Carmen Peralta, M.D., is co-founder and executive director of the Kidney Health Research Collaborative. She is a leader in the epidemiology of kidney disease and hypertension. A graduate of Johns Hopkins University, her research activity focuses on three areas: 1) approaches to improving care of people with kidney disease and reducing racial and ethnic disparities; 2) hypertension, arterial stiffness, and kidney disease; and 3) biomarkers for detection, classification, and risk of early kidney disease.

University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115
(415) 476-2173  

8. Neil Powe, M.D.

A graduate of Harvard Medical School, Neal Powe, M.D., is head of the University of California San Francisco Medicine Service at the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital. This is one of the leading medicine departments in a public hospital with strong basic, clinical, and health services research programs focused on major diseases affecting diverse patients locally, nationally, and globally. His primary intellectual pursuits involve kidney disease patient-oriented research, epidemiology, and outcomes and effectiveness research.

University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
1001 Potrero Avenue, Room 5F39, San Francisco, California 94110
(628) 206-3465 

9. Crystal Tyson, M.D.

Located in Durham, North Carolina, Crystal Tyson, M.D., specializes in nephrology and renal medicine. Dr. Tyson’s clinical focus is to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduce complications from cardiovascular disease with lifestyle modification. She enjoys building relationships with her patients and collaborating with them on how they can best accomplish their health goals.

Duke Nephrology South Durham
Duke Health Center
234 Crooked Creek Parkway, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713
(919) 620-5300 

10. Clenton Coleman, M.D.

Located in Teaneck, New Jersey, Clenton Coleman M.D. specializes in Internal Medicine and Nephrology. Dr. Coleman treats conditions including hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, acute kidney injury, and proteinuria. Dr. Coleman has worked hard to build his practice and uses his expertise to help his patients live longer and fuller lives effectively.

Holy Name Physicians

222 Cedar Ln Ste 109,

Teaneck, NJ 07666 (201) 379-5650

By following the tips we have provided, you will be closer to finding a nephrologist that is perfect for you. We hope that the Black Health Matters Nephrologist Guide will be helpful as you navigate the management of your kidney health.

The post Find a Kidney Specialist with the Black Health Matters Guide! appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is Heart Failure

Heart failure, or congestive heart failure (CHF), is a health condition where our hearts don’t work as well as they should. Our hearts haven’t stopped beating, but they must work harder to pump blood through our bodies.

It’s common to take medications to treat your heart failure. But there are some meds you should avoid as they make your condition worse by:

• Damaging the heart muscle
• Increasing your blood pressure
• Interacting with your current CHF meds

If you’re living with heart failure or were recently diagnosed, you’ll want to talk with your provider before starting (or continuing) certain medications. Let’s review four types of medications that should be avoided in heart failure.

Medications Used to Treat High Blood Pressure

Diltiazem and verapamil are two medications used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). You might take one of these calcium channel blockers (CCB) to lower your blood pressure. They help relax your blood vessels, which reduces your blood pressure and allows for easier flow of blood.

Studies show that taking these medications can make your heart muscle weak, which makes it harder to pump blood. If you take one of these meds, you’ll want to talk with your provider to ensure it’s still the best option.

Medications Used to Treat Diabetes

You can take pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) for your Type 2 diabetes. These medications are also known as Thiazolidinediones or TZDs. They lower your blood sugar by helping your body respond better to insulin.

It’s common to gain weight or retain fluid (edema) when taking TZDs. Your condition worsens as the heart tries to remove this excess fluid. If you have heart failure, this medication may not be your best option. Be sure to discuss safer alternatives with your provider.

Medications Used to Treat Inflammatory Conditions

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are medications used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), and Crohn’s disease (CD). Examples of TNF inhibitors include adalimumab (Humira), certolizumab (Cimzia), etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), and golimumab (Simponi). People take these meds to help relieve the symptoms caused by inflammatory conditions.

These medications can cause direct damage to your heart muscle, and are NOT recommended if you have NYHA class III or IV heart failure.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs)

People usually reach for NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) when they have pain or inflammation. These medications are available OTC or with a prescription. But if you have heart failure, it may not be safe for you. NSAIDs can raise your blood pressure and interact with other meds you currently take to treat your heart failure.

Your provider may suggest taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) as an alternative. NSAIDs are not recommended for use in people with heart failure.

Partner With Your Providers

If you have heart failure, talk with your healthcare providers about all your medications, including those you get from the local pharmacy. They can help you identify any potential issues and make sure your meds are safe for you to take. Your pharmacist can help you create a complete medication list and check for interactions. Always share this med list with your healthcare providers at every visit.

 Dr. Kristina D. Carter is a clinical pharmacist and freelance health writer with over 20 years of experience in several practice settings, including managed care, community pharmacy, ambulatory care, senior care, and pharmacy operations.

The post Diagnosed With Heart Failure? : Here Are the Medications to Avoid appeared first on Black Health Matters.

As we mourn the loss of Carl Weathers, let us also take the time to understand ASCVD and the preventative measures that we can take.  

What is ASCVD? 

ASCVD is a form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), referring to health conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. According to the American Heart Association, between 2017 to 2020, approximately 58.9% of Black men had some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this makes our community the most prevalent regarding CVD mortality rates. 

As stated by GoodRx Health, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is caused by fatty deposits, also known as plaque buildup, in the arterial walls. Some crucial factors of ASCVD include: 

• ASCVD causes arteries to narrow, this restricts healthy oxygenated blood flow to organs. 
• In some cases, ASCVD can block blood flow to the heart or brain which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. 

Typically, ASCVD goes unnoticed until an artery is very narrow or blocked. Some symptoms can arise if an artery is more than 70% blocked. The Cleveland Clinic has provided an overview of common complications associated with the disease including: 

• Coronary artery disease. 
• Heart attack. 
• Mesenteric ischemia. 
• Peripheral artery disease. 
• Renal artery stenosis. 
• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). 
• Carotid artery disease. 

Unfortunately, the conditions associated with ASCVD are not mild, rather than trying to reverse this disease, it is best to identify it early on.  

According to a study from the National Library of Medicine, the rate of ASCVD hospitalizations increased with the factor of comorbid hypertension. Type 2 diabetes can also increase the risk of an ASCVD diagnosis. Additionally, those who have diabetes are at a greater risk for high blood pressure. The interdependence of these conditions can impact people negatively.  

Prevent an ASCVD Diagnosis 

The best way to avoid an ASCVD diagnosis is to take the preventative approach, implementing healthy habits can profoundly change the direction of one’s health journey. According to the Mayo Clinic, some excellent ways to maintain good heart health and wellness include: 

• A healthy diet, eating more whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and healthy fats. 
• Regular exercise. 
• Monitoring your blood pressure. 
• Stress management and practicing mindfulness to reduce the impact of chronic stress. 
• Visiting your healthcare provider regularly. 

If you think you may have ASCVD, note any concerns and talk with your healthcare provider. An early diagnosis can be a pivotal part of treating ASCVD and preventing it from worsening.  

Carl Weathers was an artistic gift to this world, we appreciate him for his talents and for shining a light on such a massive health concern for our community. 

The post Carl Weathers Died of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: What is ASCVD? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

An article in Frontiers in Genetics reported that after a yo-yo dieting style cycle, “Weight regain often starts within the first year, and the pre-intervention weight is reached or even surpassed in the subsequent 2 to 5 years.” It also stated, “Limiting or preferentially avoiding weight cycling in the first year after weight loss appears crucially important for sustainable long-term weight maintenance.” Another article published by the American Diabetes Association suggested that the practice “exacerbates the risk for T2D and cardiovascular disease.”

“Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of an autoregulatory adaptive mechanism or ‘famine reaction’ that predisposes to obesity following a period of starvation,” it reported. “While self-reflection and making goals can help us feel more focused and accomplished, restrictive dieting, excessive exercise, or other sudden behavioral changes that are characteristics of New Year’s resolution around weight loss are often an attempt to feel in control when other aspects of our lives feel out of control,” explained Taryn Crosby, LCSW, a psychotherapist and Founding Partner of MCMCollab. “Ultimately, yo-yo dieting, in addition to having potential medical health consequences, can affect our mental health.”

Dr. Dominique Pritchett, PsyD, LCSW,  considers participating in yo-yo dieting symptomatic of other issues. “That trickles to other parts of our life,” she told Black Health Matters. “I’m a big strategy person. If we’re approaching anything without a strategy, we will likely fail or hurt badly going through it,” she continued. “I believe people can be more successful with creating changes in their life, getting off the yo-yo, and sustaining their wellness with a solid strategy.” Dr. Pritchett suggested working with a professional to settle on sustainable tactics. “Chances are, it’s just not showing up in the diet, but it’s shown up in other places in your life. So, go talk to a professional,” she said. “That objective perspective has to come from someone.” Working with a professional can help you accurately assess your habits instead of focusing on what you think they should be. “Shoulding is an unrealistic fantasy belief,” said Dr. Pritchett. If limited access to care prevents you from seeking professional assistance, you can observe and document your habits to try and stop the yo-yo approach.

Dr. Janel Gordon, M.D., DipABOM, DipABLM, a Triple Board Certified Family, Obesity & Lifestyle Medicine Physician, believes “people intend to stay on the wagon when they slide into yo-yo-ing.”

Action Tips

Learn What Works For You

“Look at what you’re doing really, really well,” Dr. Pritchett advised. She recommends asking yourself, “What do you feel good doing? What are you getting results from?” “Replicate what’s working, but make sure it matches your personality,” she added.

Do Your Research

Dr. Gordon advocates for balancing out your diet instead of diving into extremes. “Maybe you’re trying to cut back on carbs, but carbs are not evil. We need all the macronutrients. We need carbohydrates. We need fat, we need protein,” she said.

Avoid Comparing Yourself To Others

Just because the latest diet craze worked for your friend or co-workers doesn’t mean it will work for you. “People respond differently to different tactics,” said Dr. Gordon. Think about what is feasible for your schedule and your circumstances. If you’re working with a healthcare professional, tell them what your day-to-day looks like so they can recommend the appropriate options. “If I’m talking to a male high school student versus if I’m talking to a single mother of three who has to catch a bus, drop her kids off at their daycare, and still figure out what’s nutritious to eat for herself and her kids, I’m going to be giving different recommendations.”

Supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk Inc. 

The post Yo-Yo Dieting Doesn’t Work: So Why Do We Keep Doing It? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Many Black men don’t think being obese is a big deal. For them, it is not a fatal health condition like cancer or heart disease. But that is not true. Dr. Chika Anekwe, an obesity medicine physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, says research has found 195 diseases influenced by excess weight. While Black women have a higher obesity rate at nearly 55%, more than one-third of Black men, 36.9%, are also challenged by obesity.

 Browner’s experience was a wake-up call. His condition was so severe the hospital would not release him for another three months.

During that time, he was forced to change his diet. “It was hospital food, so no salt, protein and vegetables, sugar-free applesauce. When I was first admitted to the hospital, I couldn’t wait to get out and eat some real food. But after spending so much time in that hospital bed, I’ll do whatever I can to never go back.”

Browner admits he doesn’t always adhere to his diet but has made profound lifestyle changes that have stuck.” I eat a lot more fruit and vegetables, go to the gym three times a week, and drink a lot more water. I never want to go through that again.”

Taking a Proactive Approach

While Browner’s health scare forced some changes, other Black men have seen the warning signs and decided to be proactive. Robert Thompson, 47, was motivated to make a change when, during his annual checkup, he noticed the scale was getting too close to 300 pounds. “While I cut off soda and sweets, the main factor was exercise. I started by going on long walks, which turned into working out with weights and runs. Just moving around more helped out a lot with my weight. I ended up going down to 220 pounds,” Thompson said.

“It’s the little changes that can help and you will see that they start to add up. What you eat matters too. You don’t have to cut out anything but you do have to consume less of it and add more beneficial calories,” Thompson explained.

The Impact of Pandemic Pounds

COVID-19 caused an uptick in obesity, especially in the black community. Rafael Mendez, 52, saw a rapid weight gain in just a few short months in 2020. “I work in an office, so  I wasn’t physically active every day before the shut-down,” he said. “But being in the house and having 24-hour access to my kitchen did a number on me. It started with just light snacking during the day, and before I knew it, I ate a bowl of cereal every hour during the workday.” In three months, he gained 15 pounds.

Since Mendez couldn’t get to a gym, he needed to get innovative about exercise. “I started out taking walks on my lunch break, and eventually, I was able to turn walking into jogging. Then, I researched exercises I could do in my home or backyard. I also had to break the habit of eating all day. I found healthier snacks like rice cakes and pita chips. It took me a little while, but I was able to lose the weight I gained.”

Beware of Belly Fat

Brothers must also be aware of the dangers of excess fat around the abdominal area. We often consider it excess padding, limited to subcutaneous fat just below the skin. However, the fat that lies deeper in the abdomen can be more problematic. Visceral fat can surround their internal organs. The Mayo Clinic says it can contribute to the following conditions:

• High blood pressure.
• An unhealthy amount of fat in the blood.
• Sleep apnea.
• Heart disease.
• High blood sugar and diabetes.
• Certain cancers.
• Stroke.
• Fatty liver.

Making a Mindset Shift

So, how can we get our men to take obesity seriously? Florida A&M Nutrition professor Dr. Jenelle Robinson believes we must first change our thinking about eating healthier foods. “You need to get away from the word, ‘I’m on a diet’ and say, ‘this is my dietary lifestyle,'” said Robinson.  “My dietary lifestyle is x, y, or z, and I live that way.”

Six Steps That Help Lead to a Healthier Lifestyle

Consult with your HCP About the Risks.

Not only should you consult with your physician, but you should consult with them about an action plan that is tailored to you specifically. A Journal of General Internal Medicine study found that some African Americans reported that it was only after they developed a condition such as diabetes or heart disease and their physician discussed the connection to their weight that they finally understood what their health risks were.

Talk With Your Village or Circle

Like many issues with black men, our obesity/ health is often an issue that we keep to ourselves. But people in our communities often deal with the same things as us. Having an open forum with each other can be mutually beneficial. What questions are you asking your doctor? What are some methods people around you are using to manage their weight?

Hire a Dietician or Nutritionist

Being healthy is not a one-size-fits-all type of deal. Everything needs to be personalized to your needs. One person may need to eat more fruits and vegetables, while another may need to incorporate more protein into their diet. Having a nutritionist tailor a diet that is right for you can help you reach your goals more quickly.

Work With a Personal Trainer

When it comes to weight loss, a healthy diet and exercise regimen go hand in hand. And just like dieting, exercise is not one size fits all. For example, if you have problems with your feet, running on the treadmill might not be ideal. Or if you have issues with your back, you may want to ease off doing heavy weightlifting. That’s why hiring a personal trainer is a great idea. Not only can they give you a personalized exercise regimen to help you reach your goals, but they can also give you tips on what foods you should be consuming for your body type and your nutritionist.

Team Up With An Accountability Partner

Goals are always more challenging to reach alone. So consider linking up with an accountability partner or perhaps a group of accountability partners. The journey to a healthier lifestyle had as much to do with your mental and physical health. Having an accountability partner gives you an outlet to express yourself. Share the challenges you are going through that have worked well and not so well. Sharing these things can help everyone reach their goals faster.

Set Realistic Goals

You didn’t gain the weight overnight, so you should not expect to lose the weight overnight. There is no microwave solution for weight loss, and if there is one out there, chances are it will not be sustainable over a long period. By setting unrealistic goals, you risk getting discouraged when you don’t reach them. Set attainable goals and crush them. Rome was not built in a day. Slow and steady wins the race. So pace yourself. You’ve got this!

Supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk Inc. 

The post Black Men & Obesity: It’s Time Our Brothers Take Their Weight Seriously appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Researchers discovered that participants with high HDL-C (80mg/dL) have a 27% increased risk for dementia. And the findings for those 75 and older are even more important to note since these folks had a 42% increased risk for dementia. (An ideal HDL-C level is 40 to 60  mg/dL for men and 50 to 60 for women).

The study reported that among 18,668 participants included in this analysis, 2709 had very high HDL-C at study entry, with 38 incidents of dementia in those aged less than 75 years with very high levels and 101 in those aged 75 and more with very high levels.

But what’s interesting is that risk factors are not related to diet but might result from a metabolic disorder. More research is necessary to use these findings in a preventative manner. These findings may help unlock who contracts dementia. Our community must understand that our elders are twice as likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s—or other forms of dementia as older white Americans.

But according to the Alzheimer’s Association, only 35% of African Americans are concerned about Alzheimer’s or dementia.

However, in the meantime, begin monitoring your LDL,  HDL, and Triglycerides numbers and work toward getting them all within healthy ranges. This may require modifications to diet, exercising more, and losing weight. But if you believe your numbers put you at higher risk for dementia in the future, it is essential to discuss this with your healthcare provider.

The post Dementia Risk and Cholesterol: What’s the Connection? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Impact of Food Deserts

As a community, chronic diseases hit us the hardest. Research shows that several chronic conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure, disproportionately impact African Americans. We already know structural racism and racial bias are reasons why these health disparities exist. In addition, socio-economic factors that affect many Black Americans, such as lack of quality insurance and safe spaces to exercise, cannot be overlooked.

But we must remember how living in food deserts impacts our health. According to a report by McKinsey, one out of 5 Black households is in a food desert, with fewer grocery stores, farmer’s markets, and restaurants offering healthy options. For some of us, convenience stores and fast-food restaurants are the closest options. Yet, we are still expected to spend nearly $340 billion on food by 2030.

Black consumers want offerings that are culturally relevant and convenient, facilitate healthy habits, demonstrate good value for the price, and allow them to experience new foods.

Despite these challenges, it is possible to live a healthy lifestyle and break free from these race-related stigmas. An excellent place to start is knowing about the healthy numbers we need to work towards, whether we are striving to prevent a chronic disease or manage one.

High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia)

High blood sugar occurs when too much glucose, or sugar, is in the blood. If left untreated, high blood sugar can lead to type 2 diabetes over time. It can also lead to severe complications, including eye, kidney, and nerve damage. African Americans are at higher risk for developing high blood sugar.

Symptoms may not always be present when blood sugar is high. Some signs of high blood sugar include frequent urination and increased thirst. You may experience tiredness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain in severe cases. If you have concerns about your blood sugar, your provider can check your levels by conducting a simple blood test.

There is a common misconception that eating too much sugar causes diabetes.

While consuming sugary foods and drinks is unhealthy and can play a role, there are other contributing factors. The biggest problem with a poor diet is that it contributes to weight gain. Excess weight contributes to high blood sugar. Losing weight helps the body maintain healthy blood sugar levels and lowers the risk of complications.

However, our blood sugar goals may vary based on specific factors. The American Diabetes Association recommends that patients with diabetes aim for an A1c goal of < 7%. Blood sugars should stay between 80 and 130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL 1 to 2 hours after eating.

If you do not have diabetes, you should aim for an A1c of < 5.7%, and fasting blood sugars should be around 100 mg/dL.

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

High blood pressure occurs when the force of blood in your blood vessels is too high. This often results in your heart working much harder to do its job. If left untreated, high blood pressure can cause damage to your arteries. It can also lead to other conditions such as heart disease, stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, and sexual dysfunction.

High blood pressure is commonly referred to as a ‘silent killer’ because you may feel perfectly fine and not have any symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, and vision changes.

The best way to prevent long-term damage is to know your numbers. If you don’t have a blood pressure monitor, consider investing in one. Or ask a friend or family member to use theirs. Most pharmacies offer free blood pressure checks, and you can usually stop by your provider’s office to have your blood pressure checked without an appointment, but be sure to call ahead to confirm.

A blood pressure of 120/80 or lower is considered normal. If you have been diagnosed with hypertension, aim for a blood pressure goal of less than 130/80.

How Weight Factors In

There is a connection between being overweight and being diagnosed with hyperglycemia and hypertension. However, embarking on lifestyle changes that result in 5-10% weight loss may set us on the path to being healthier.

Dr. Holly Lofton, Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery and Medicine at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine, states that losing weight can also improve conditions such as prediabetes, high cholesterol, acid reflux, specific liver disease, and osteoarthritis.

“Even a 5% weight loss can be significant,” states Dr. Lofton, “However, there are specific weight loss goals depending on the condition.”

• 5-10% weight loss is recommended to prevent prediabetes from becoming diabetes
• 5-15% weight loss is recommended to reduce the severity of diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure
• At least a 10% weight loss is associated with reduced acid reflux symptoms
• 5-10% weight loss is recommended to improve physical function with osteoarthritis
• 7-10% weight loss is recommended to improve the fatty tissue present in liver cells of patients with liver disease, which is a risk factor for heart disease and many types of cancer

“I encourage anyone who feels that losing weight is intimidating to talk to your doctor,” says Dr. Lofton. She emphasizes that having percentage goals such as the ones listed above and aiming for smaller weight loss goals is attainable by making small changes that can lead to improved health.

Supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk Inc. 

The post How Do Health Numbers Connect to Weight and Overall Health? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Denise N. Bronner, PhD Director Diversity, Equity and Inclusion at Jansen, and JoBaris D. Swain, MD, MPH Medical Executive, Cardiovascular & MetabolismJanssen Scientific Affairs, ILC of Johnson & Johnson discussed the need for “True Representation In Cardio Research” at the 2023 Black Health Matters Summit. They were introduced by actor and producer James Pickens (Grey’s Anatomy). According to a study published by the National Kidney Foundation, “rates for African Americans remained 20% higher for heart disease and 40% higher for stroke.”

Another study published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services found that “African Americans were 30 percent more likely to die from heart disease than non-Hispanic whites.”

How has a lack of accurate representation in cardio research impacted the Black community?

“Representation is very important,” said Dr. Swain, noting that biological differences are not accounted for when studies are not diverse. Dr. Bronner shared how crucial it is for Black people to be considered in the planning phases of treatment development. She declared that exclusion from the baseline can result in disparities in “efficacy” and “effectiveness.” “The only time that we get included is when the drug has already been approved,” she said. “That’s when you start to see the adverse events or side effects starting to come.” Inclusion at that stage precludes preventive safety measures in some instances. “Things could have been identified if we were being pulled into the study,” she continued. Dr. Swain remarked on the lack of available training materials for diagnosing psoriasis on Black skin. Studies have found that this chronic and complex autoimmune disease is associated with many cardio patients. According to Cureus, “Many studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with psoriasis.”

What are some myths associated with cardio care?

“Many of us have probably heard that cardiovascular disease only happens in old people, and a lot of times, you know, when you go to certain screening events, they’ll, you know, start looking at people 65 and older. However, we’ve now learned that cardiovascular disease can affect individuals of all ages, even children, so we have to be mindful of our activity, diet, and exercise,” he continued.

“A second myth that often we have is that if I don’t have symptoms, I have a healthy heart,” said Dr. Swain, who described witnessing the sudden onset of severe symptoms during a telehealth session.

“We have patients who come into the emergency department, and they’ve been completely healthy in their mind. They’ve not had chest pain or any other side effects or symptoms, and all of a sudden, they come in, and they may have gone and had their blood pressure checked. Then they start having chest pain, and then they realize that they’ve had a full-on myocardial infarction, and often it comes as a complete surprise,” Dr. Swain continued. The older man clutching his left arm in sudden distress is the troupe most people are familiar with when they think of a heart attack. But that popular image is not the whole story of how cardio events occur.

“We often think that men are the only ones who have cardiovascular disease, and we understand men often are at greater risk, but cardiovascular disease affects men and women,” said Dr. Swain.

He revealed that these events in women can be associated with jaw pain. They can also appear to be “asymptomatic or atypical.”

Swain pointed out how cultural norms can convince Black women to ignore symptoms that might be their overall cardio health. “As a culture, you know, we grow up with aches and pains, and it’s straightforward for us to say, oh, I woke up like this, and kind of, you know, write it off as something that’s a part of our natural everyday experience.

Take Action!

• The session provided valuable and practical tips for managing your cardiovascular health.
• Take control by educating yourself and others about cardiovascular issues.
• Familiarize yourself with the myths associated with cardio so you can fight misinformation
•  Don’t assume the ache or pain you are feeling is normal.

As Dr. Swain said, “If you feel something, say something.” Start the conversation. Ask the questions. Listen to your body. Contact your healthcare provider and fight for your cardiovascular health.

This session was presented by Janssen

The Panelists: Denise N. Bronner, PhD Director Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Clinical Trials – Immunology Portfolio Jansen

JoBaris D. Swain, MD, MPH Medical Executive, Cardiovascular & Metabolism Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC of Johnson & Johnson

The post Healing Hearts: True Representation in Cardio Research appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The post Do You Have the Heart? Arm Yourself Against Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risks! appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Are You at Risk?

Black patients are also more likely to have more risk factors, worse symptoms, and more severe disease.³ Research suggests that there are multiple risk factors for Alzheimer’s. Risk factors associated with Alzheimer’s include factors we can control and some we can’t control. Click here to learn more about signs and risk factors of early Alzheimer’s Disease.

Age

Increasing age is the most notable risk factor. This risk significantly increases every 5 years after age 65.^4,5 About 5% of patients with Alzheimer’s are younger than 65 and may be impacted by early onset Alzheimer’s around 40 years old.⁴

Family History

Individuals who have an immediate family member (parent or sibling) with the disease are at a higher risk.^4,5 If you have more than one family member with the disease your risk is even higher.^4,5 Researchers have also identified specific genes that are linked to developing the disease.^4,5 Genetic counseling may be an option for patients with a strong family history of Alzheimer’s.⁴

Preventable Risk Factors

There are some risk factors that are considered preventable. You can make a conscious effort to help reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s.⁵

• Avoid head injuries. Since physical damage or trauma to the brain may result in the development of cognitive impairment, stay safe by preventing falls and wearing head covering or protection if taking part in potentially dangerous activities.
• Make heart healthy choices. Research suggests that up to 80% of people who had Alzheimer’s had heart disease. Poor heart health, including the presence of heart disease, may correlate to poor brain health. If you have conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or if you have had a stroke, work closely with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage these conditions.
• Take care of yourself. Exercise, eat healthy, and avoid excessive use of harmful substances such as alcohol and tobacco.

Fact vs. Myth

MYTH: Memory problems are normal and most people who are older experience them.
FACT: While forgetting or losing things occasionally is normal, memory problems such as poor judgment and decision making, losing track of dates, and forgetting familiar people, is not.⁶ Many Black patients delay seeking medical attention for memory concerns or changes because they think what they are experiencing is normal.³

MYTH: Alzheimer’s only impacts older people. I shouldn’t be concerned if I am young.
FACT: Older individuals are at higher risk for Alzheimer’s, however early-onset Alzheimer’s, while rare, usually impacts those between the ages of 30-60.⁶

MYTH: Alzheimer’s can’t be treated.
FACT: While there isn’t a definitive cure for Alzheimer’s, there are treatment options that can help treat symptoms.⁶ Clinical trials help researchers continue to evaluate potential treatment options.^6,7

Importance of Clinical Trial Participation

Diversity in clinical trials is important.⁷ Race and ethnicity may play a role in how individuals with Alzheimer’s disease respond to treatment.2 Unfortunately, there is a lack of trust for clinical research and trial participation among Black Americans.¹ This is due largely to a history of medical bias and discrimination toward Black Americans.¹ The Alzheimer’s Association recognizes the importance of clinical trials in the management and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, and the need for those in the Black community to participate in these trials.²

To learn more about Alzheimer’s disease and care partner support resources, visit Novo Nordisk’s Alzheimer’s disease webpage.   

– – –

This article is sponsored by Novo Nordisk.

References:

1. Alzheimer’s Association – Black Americans and Alzheimer’s 
2. African-Americans and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Silent Epidemic 
3. NIH National Institute on Aging – Data shows racial disparities in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis between Black and white research study participants 
4. NHS – Alzheimer’s disease 
5. Alzheimer’s Association – Causes and Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease  
6. NIH National Institute on Aging – 11 Myths About Alzheimer’s Disease 
7. Alzheimer’s Clinical Trials 

The post Alzheimer’s in African Americans: Are You at Risk? What You Need to Know appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Sanders has been battling circulation problems in his arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. The blood clots in his leg have led to blockages, restricting blood flow and depriving the tissues of oxygen. The consequences of reduced blood supply can be severe, potentially leading to tissue death.

The Relationship Between Blood Clotting and African American Men

Research indicates that African American men have a higher risk of developing blood clots compared to individuals of other races. Black populations, regardless of age or gender, exhibit higher rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is the formation of blood clots in deep veins. DVT can be a life-threatening condition, causing thousands of deaths annually in the United States.

Potential Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the increased risk of blood clots among African American men. These factors include:

• Genetic Factors – Certain genetic traits, such as the sickle cell trait and other mutations associated with blood clotting, are more prevalent in Black populations. These genetic variations can predispose individuals to a higher risk of blood clot formation.
• Chronic Health Conditions – African American men often have a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome. These underlying conditions can contribute to the development of blood clots.
• Heart Disease – Black men have higher rates of heart-related health problems, such as strokes, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. These conditions can exert pressure on blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of blood clot formation.
• Lupus –  Lupus, an autoimmune disease more common among Black women and men, can lead to chronic inflammation in the body. Individuals with lupus have a higher incidence of blood clot formation.
• Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure: African American men have higher rates of exposure to secondhand smoke, and a significant percentage of Black smokers prefer menthol-flavored cigarettes. Smoking and exposure to tobacco-related products can raise the risk of blood clots.

The challenges being faced by Deion Sanders highlight the seriousness of these blood circulation conditions and their potential impact on African American men. Understanding the underlying causes and risk factors can help individuals and healthcare professionals identify and manage the risk effectively.

By promoting awareness and implementing preventive measures, we can strive to reduce the burden of blood clot-related complications in this population.

The post Deion Sanders Highlights African American Risk For DVT & Blood Clotting Issues appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Sponsored by Amgen

Featured Speakers:
Reema Dirks, PharmD
Chrissy Carter

The post Learn To Understand and Manage Severe Asthma & Representation in Clinical Research at Amgen appeared first on Black Health Matters.

To help men, especially African American men, prioritize their well-being, Black Health Matters present the Men’s Health Checklist. While it is important for each individual to be cognizant of their family history and personal issues, this comprehensive guide outlines the essential screenings and exams that men should consider at different stages of life, ensuring proactive health management and an improved quality of life.

In Your 20s:

• Annual Physical Exam: Make it a habit to schedule an annual check-up with your primary care physician. This will allow them to assess your overall health, review your family medical history, and establish a baseline for future comparisons.
• Sexual Health: If you’re sexually active, it’s important to get tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) annually or more frequently based on your sexual behavior. Openly discuss safe sex practices and any concerns you may have with your doctor.
• Skin Check: Regularly examine your skin for any new or changing moles and other skin abnormalities. If you notice any concerning changes, seek the advice of a dermatologist.

In Your 30s:

• Blood Pressure: African American men, in particular, have a higher risk of hypertension. Have your blood pressure checked at least once every two years. If you have a family history of hypertension or other risk factors, consider more frequent monitoring to stay ahead of any potential issues.
• Cholesterol Levels: Starting at age 35, it’s advisable to have your cholesterol levels checked every five years. African American men tend to have higher cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease. If you have risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, or smoking, consult your doctor for earlier and more regular screenings.
• Testicular Examination: Perform monthly self-examinations to detect any lumps or abnormalities in the testicles. If you notice anything unusual, consult a healthcare professional.

In Your 40s:

• Prostate Health: African American men have a higher risk of prostate cancer and tend to develop it at a younger age. Engage in a discussion with your doctor about prostate cancer screening, usually through a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Consider starting discussions earlier, around age 45, to stay proactive in your health management.
• Diabetes Screening: African American men are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Consider getting screened for diabetes every three years, especially if you have risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, or a sedentary lifestyle.
• Colon Cancer Screening: Beginning at age 45, African American men should have a conversation with their doctor about the various screening options available for colon cancer, including colonoscopy or stool tests. Regular screenings can help detect early signs of colorectal cancer.

In Your 50s and Beyond:

• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Screening: If you’re between the ages of 65 and 75 and have ever smoked or have a family history of AAA, including African American men, it’s important to consider a one-time ultrasound screening to assess the health of the abdominal aorta.
• Bone Density Test: African American men are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures. Discuss a bone density test with your doctor, particularly if you have risk factors. This discussion is especially crucial for men aged 65 and older.
• Eye Exam: African American men are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma and other vision-related issues. As you age, regular eye exams become essential. Schedule comprehensive eye exams at least every two years or as recommended by your ophthalmologist.

Taking proactive steps toward maintaining good health is of utmost importance for men of all ages, especially African American men. The Men’s Health Checklist serves as a valuable reminder, outlining crucial check-ups at various stages of life.

By prioritizing regular screenings and exams alongside adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can identify potential health issues early on and significantly contribute to a healthier and happier life. Remember, investing in your health today will pave the way for a brighter tomorrow.

The post Prioritizing Men’s Health: An Essential Checklist for Every Age appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Health Issues Affecting Black Americans

While people self-identifying as any race are susceptible to many health conditions, the Black population is especially vulnerable to several. From a lack of educational attainment to living in poorer neighborhoods to higher rates of unemployment and being uninsured, the Black community is fighting for racial equality in healthcare. Men’s Health Month stresses the importance of the struggle that many men face when seeking care for these conditions and more.

Cardiovascular Disease

Heart disease is a term used to describe a number of conditions related to the heart, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmia, and more. Although Black women are disproportionately affected by heart disease as compared to Black men, African Americans are much more susceptible to it than White people. The Office of Minority Health reports that both African American and non-Hispanic White people were diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease in similar numbers, but that Black people were less likely to have their hypertension controlled and more likely to die from heart disease.

Mental Health Concerns

Many Blacks live in low-income neighborhoods and are below the poverty line themselves, placing them at higher risk for psychological distress. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the rates of serious mental illness rose among African Americans between 2008 and 2018. As an example, while depression and major depressive episodes have decreased overall across the country and all races, they have increased sharply among all age groups of Black Americans. Black teenagers are more likely to attempt suicide but, as a race, African Americans are less likely to die by suicide compared to those of other ethnic background.

Prostate Cancer

Black Americans are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer than White men and other people of color. Part of the problem is that their cancer is detected later when it is more advanced and there are fewer treatment options available. Awareness and early detection has improved survival rates for all races, including African American patients. Today, when caught early, prostate cancer has a 99% 5-year survival rate. More needs to be done to raise awareness of prostate cancer and its disproportionate effects on the black population. However, there have already been great strides made with concerted efforts on behalf of government agencies, local community organizations, and healthcare providers.

Diabetes

Diabetes affects your body’s use of insulin, either by changing how much of it is produced or how well it responds to it. It often leads to other serious health conditions like heart disease and kidney disease. Diabetes also affects the Black population more than non-Hispanic Whites and every other race. The Office of Minority Health reports that African American adults are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes, with Black men more likely to die from it. In recent years, it’s been found that Black people were more than 2.5 times more likely to be hospitalized with complications from the disease and twice as likely to succumb to it than White people.

Kidney Disease

The National Institutes of Health has insight into why Black people are more likely to suffer from kidney disease than any other race. American Indians and Alaskan Natives are 1.2 times and Hispanics are 1.3 times more likely to be diagnosed with kidney failure. By comparison, Black Americans are four times as likely to suffer from it. The two most common causes of kidney failure are hypertension and diabetes, which are also prevalent in African American communities for a variety of reasons, including the lack of preventative care, lifestyle choices, and limited access to healthy foods.

Living a Healthier Life

The School of Public Health and Indiana University has offered a list of ways that all men, regardless of race, can improve their overall health, reduce their risk of chronic illness, and feel better each day. Remember that men’s health is important all year and not just in June when we recognize Men’s Health Month. If you have any existing health conditions or questions about implementing the suggestions below, be sure to speak with your healthcare provider.

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Your ideal weight is typically measured by body mass index (BMI). You can use a BMI calculator to help you determine the ideal weight for your height. It will not include body type or other factors, so your doctor may give you a different target weight.
• Eat a Healthy Diet: It’s important to consider the types of foods you eat and the size of your portions. While there are many trendy diets out there, the best bet is to learn more about the foods you eat, like protein, carbohydrate, and fat content.
• Take a Multivitamin Supplement: Multivitamins are a great way to ensure you get plenty of the nutrients your diet may be lacking.
• Stay Hydrated: You should aim to drink 0.5 ounces of water per one pound of body weight. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, you should drink approximately 100 ounces of water each day.
• Exercise Regularly: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends 150 minutes of physical activity each week. You can break this down into shorter workout sessions throughout the week that fit better into your schedule. If needed, start small and work your way up.
• Reduce Screen Time: Sitting down too much increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. If you must work at a computer most of the day, be sure to take frequent breaks. Getting up to walk or stretch can help you feel better throughout the day as well.
• Get Enough Sleep: The amount of sleep you need changes as you get older. The important thing is that you feel rested when you wake up. Good sleep is linked to improved mood, brain performance, and overall health.
• Limit Alcohol Intake: Alcohol should be consumed in moderation and safely. Long-term alcohol use is linked with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. It may also lead to risky sexual relations, motor vehicle crashes, and violence.
• Manage Mental Health: There are many ways you can support your mental health, from self-care to practicing gratitude to regular meditation. By putting yourself first you are better able to support those around you.
• Keep Yourself Accountable: Whether you turn to a support group, your family and friends, or use an app, keeping yourself in line with your health goals is important.

How to Raise Awareness for Men’s Health Month

It’s easy to help raise awareness for Men’s Health Month this June and there are plenty of ways to do it too. Be sure to involve women and families if appropriate, as they are some of your biggest advocates and want you to stay healthy as well. While Black people may be disproportionately affected by some health conditions and struggle with the healthcare system for various reasons, Men’s Health Month is the ideal time to help create balance. Here’s how you can help:

• Wear Blue Day: In 2023, Wear Blue Day is celebrated on June 16th. The goal is to help raise awareness for men’s health, which will ultimately lead to longer, healthier lives.
• Share Your Support: Do you know someone who is struggling with their mental health, heart disease, or other condition? Many Black people suffer in silence. Take this opportunity to reach out and encourage them.
• Create an Awareness Campaign: There are many ways you can raise awareness through a campaign. Ask the HR department at work to set up an event, send out flyers within your local community, or write a letter to the editor at your newspaper.
• Join a Fundraiser: Is there a fundraiser happening nearby? Join that 5K walk, request sponsorship in the next food drive, or simply announce that you’ve made a donation to an organization and ask others to do the same.
• Start a Healthy Living Group: Do you know plenty of men who would benefit from going for regular walks, staying accountable on a healthy diet, or losing weight? Why not band together to make it happen?
• Organize a Health Fair: You can work with a local health clinic to advertise preventative screenings for prostate cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and other conditions. Reach out to a few and see if they are interested in raising awareness for Men’s Health Month.
• Plan a Sports Day: Have your friends, family, and local communities come together for a sports day. Pay a small fee to play and send the proceeds to an organization who can use the funds to support men’s health.

Men’s Health And The Black Population: Raising Awareness

Black Health Matters stands with you in our efforts to raise awareness for men’s health. We encourage you to support those you love with health conditions such as heart disease or mental health diagnoses, share your own stories of hope and survival, and collaborate with peers this June to raise awareness for Men’s Health Month.

The post What Men’s Health Month Means For African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

If you’re here, you probably have some questions.

• What is menopause?
• Why do Black people have worse symptoms?
• Why do they have a greater chance for premature menopause?
• What medical treatments are available?
• Can you manage menopause without hormone therapy?

Keep reading for the answers and more information on symptoms and stages of menopause, possible complications, and statistics.

What is Menopause?

Menopause is something every woman-born female must face at some point, whether they naturally progress through the transition or it is caused by hormone therapy, hysterectomy, or illness such as cancer. What is menopause exactly?

The Symptoms

The signs of menopause change as you transition through the various stages (more on that below) and are different for every person. For example, hot flashes may be a common symptom that most people associate with menopause, but some women rarely get them or they are mild, so early signs of perimenopause could be mistaken for another illness or condition.

Menopausal symptoms can include:

• Menstrual Cycles: They may become irregular, cause heavy bleeding, or you may notice spotting and other changes.
• Urinary Incontinence: A loss of bladder control is quite common. It may feel like a sudden feeling of urinating or cause leaking with physical activity or sneezing.
• Sleep: Trouble sleeping could be caused by hot flashes or urinary incontinence. However, trouble falling or staying asleep may have no other known cause.
• Sexual Health: Vaginal dryness and thinning skin can make sexual intercourse uncomfortable. Hormonal changes may affect libido. It’s common for those in menopause experience changes in their sex drive.
• Mood: It’s not fully understood why women in menopause experience mood changes. However, stress seems to play a role. Self care and speaking with a therapist may help.
• Body Changes: Changes in hormone levels affect the body in various ways, including appearance, cognitive ability, and bone density.

The Stages

There are three stages of menopause: perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause. Progression through each stage may vary based on age, lifestyle, family history and treatment.

Perimenopause

During this “menopause transition,” women may experience symptoms of menopause while still having menstrual periods. Ovaries atrophy, or slowly lose muscle, so they release less estrogen and progesterone. While a woman can still get pregnant, fertility slowly declines with age and as perimenopause progresses. This stage can last anywhere from three to ten years, leading to menopause. For a vast majority of women, this menopausal transition typically begins around mid- to late 40s.

Menopause

Menopause immediately follows once menstrual periods have stopped for one year. This is when ovaries stop releasing eggs and pregnancy is no longer possible. The average age of menopause is 51, but many other factors such as previous illness, the number of pregnancies, and family history can affect this.

Postmenopause

Postmenopausal women may experience symptoms of menopause for several years after their last menstrual cycle. However, these tend to become more mild over the years, dissipating until they are less bothersome or even disappear completely. Women’s health concerns don’t disappear with their menstrual periods, though, and post-menopause creates a higher risk for complications.

The Potential Complications

Not all women will experience these complications, but there is an increased risk with age. Hormone therapy and other treatments may come with their own potential complications, but could also help mitigate those associated with menopause. It may also be possible to address these complications directly if you are at risk or experiencing symptoms. It’s important to work closely with your medical provider on a treatment plan that works best for you.

Postmenopausal complications may include:

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Osteoporosis
• Loss of Bladder Control
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Changes in Sexual Function
• Weight Gain
• Mental Health Issues

Black Women and Menopause Symptoms

Throughout Black history and into today, differences in how Black people experience various health conditions and how they are treated for them are well documented. All women experience menopause, so it is crucial that healthcare providers have a good understanding of women’s health, especially for Black women.

Medical Statistics

Looking at the statistics, it’s easy to see how Black Americans not only experience menopause differently, but are also treated differently because of it. One study published in Women’s Midlife Health by researcher Sioban Harlow looked at the disparities that the Black population faces. The study shows that, despite reporting their difference in symptoms, they aren’t getting the appropriate difference in care. Let’s take a closer look at the numbers.

Black people are:

• More likely to report experiencing hot flashes than White people
• More likely to report symptoms of depression
• Less likely to report sleep problems but more likely to experience them
• More likely to report increased physical limitations
• More likely to have existing health conditions prior to menopause, such as obesity, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
• More likely to experience worsening of pre-existing conditions

Healthcare Experiences

According to the same study, discrimination and other structural issues within the healthcare system greatly affect the treatment that Black Americans receive for menopause and other conditions. Because they may receive no or inadequate treatment for pre-existing conditions, it may cause higher risk for more severe symptoms and complications because of menopause.

Medical studies are an important part of learning more about why Black people experience menopause differently, and how it can be treated to reduce symptoms. Many community groups, national organizations, as well as state and federal agencies are working to reduce disparities within the healthcare system to ensure everyone has equal access to care.

Managing Menopause

Regardless of race, managing menopause can help you feel better physically as well as mentally. Treatment can range from hormone therapy to lifestyle changes but often include a blend of both, depending on your symptoms. You’ll need to work closely with your healthcare provider on what will work best for you.

Hot Flashes

Hot flashes cause a sudden feeling of warmth, usually in the chest, neck, and face. You might appear red, have blotchy skin, and sweat. It’s also common to feel anxious or have mild heart palpitations. Fluctuations in body heat could lead to feeling chilled as the hot flash ends. The episodes usually only last a few minutes but can be intense. If they occur often and affect daily activities, it’s time to talk to your doctor about treatments.

A Medical Treatment Plan

The Office on Women’s Health offers information on menopause treatment options, such as hormone therapy. While it’s important to do your research and understand what is available, you should ask questions and learn more from your primary care doctor or specialist before making an informed decision about your care. Remember, though, that medical treatment for menopause is not always necessary.

• Menopause Hormone Therapy: These prescription medications are often prescribed for premature menopause or very severe symptoms that affect daily life. They should replace the estrogen levels that your body now lacks because the ovaries are not producing it themselves, thereby reducing or eliminating any symptoms of menopause.
• Topical Hormone Therapy: Creams, gels, and inserts with low doses of estrogen may be used directly on or in the vagina to help ease symptoms where they are most bothersome without many of the side effects or additional risks caused by hormone therapy medications.
• Natural Remedies: Not all herbal or natural remedies work for everyone and you should discuss the use of non-prescribed supplements with your doctor before use. However, many women report positive experiences with supplements like black cohosh, red clover, and soy.

Lifestyle Changes

Women usually don’t need medical intervention for menopause, but they can still make lifestyle changes to reduce their symptoms. These changes may also help reduce symptoms of or risk factors for other health conditions.

• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Do yoga and other bone strengthening exercise
• Take care of your cardiovascular health
• Meditate for stress relief
• Control weight gain
• Improve sleep
• Do Kegel (pelvic floor) exercises for bladder control
• Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and other common health conditions

The Menopause Guidebook

The North American Menopause Society publishes the Menopause Guidebook. The newest edition includes the most up-to-date information on menopause, from scientific advancements to the latest recommendations for medical treatments and holistic approaches to symptom management. It is ideal for both healthcare professionals and patients. You can purchase a copy yourself or ask your provider if they offer them as handouts. If they don’t currently, you might suggest that they do.

Taking Women’s Health (And Black Americans) Seriously

Hot flashes aren’t the only signs of menopause, and while many women experience only mild symptoms, more severe ones many make it difficult to go about daily activities. The menopausal transition could be more difficult for the Black population and those who self identify as Black. Monthly cycles may stop, but the need for quality women’s health care does not. Organizations like Black Health Matters work to raise awareness of the importance of such care for Black Americans.

The post Menopause & Black Women: Disparities in Symptoms and Treatment appeared first on Black Health Matters.

However, music can do much more than sing gospel and narrow racial divides. Music can heal us physically and mentally, improving heart health and lifting our moods. Below, we look at many of the ways music can boost our health and then bring us together for Black Music Month.

Music And Your Health

Our physical, psychological, and mental health can be affected in various ways by the music we listen to. From music therapy now offered in many school districts based on sound research to music artists visiting patients in hospitals, songs can be healing and even prevent long-term illness.

Physical Health

Listening to music affects our physical health in many ways, from calming our heart rate and blood pressure to reducing pain. Even singing a song to an infant as they fall asleep can help them get through the night peacefully.

• Balance: Many older adults experience uneven gait or will fall at some point during their lifetime. Those with conditions such as Parkinson’s are at even higher risk for falls. Walking with music has been shown to improve gait when balance training during physical therapy.
• Heart Rate: A study published in 2022 by Cereus found that classical music affects the autonomic nervous system, triggering a calming reaction that can reduce the heart rate. This is especially beneficial for those with heart disease.
• Blood Pressure: The same study noted a decrease in blood pressure. Over 80% of those taking part in the study found that fast-paced dance music had a positive impact on mood, lowering their stress level and blood pressure.
• Pain: In a meta-analysis of nearly 100 studies, a researcher from Ewha Womans University in Seoul, Korea found that music had a significant impact on chronic pain relief. It seemed to help more than some opioid and non-opioid pain medications in some instances.
• Endurance: It’s believed that music may help stimulate the body during cardio and strength-building exercise to help increase endurance. This could possibly be affected by increased motivation, a psychological effect of listening to music.
• Sleep: Sleep quality is significantly improved in both children and adults when listening to calming music before bed. Relaxing music prior to sleep results in less sleep disturbance throughout the night for a more restful night.

Psychological Health

Music also affects our psychological health, helping to increase our brain’s functioning and improve performance, from learning to creativity to motivation.

• Cognitive Performance: Interestingly, not everyone performs better during mental tasks while listening to music. If you are one of the many who learns better while enjoying the amplified sounds through your headphones, it could be that music helps to improve your cognitive performance.
• Creativity: The same way music affects cognitive performance, it can enhance divergent thinking, which is a key element of creativity, especially when it comes to artistic work.
• Motivation: Music affects the entire brain, making it work more efficiently and strengthening the neural pathways that connect the various areas, such as the cerebellum and limbic system. In other words, music gives your brain a mental boost.

Mental Health

When we think about listening to music and how it affects us, most of us think about our mental health. Listening to the music a little too loud on the ride home from work can be cathartic if you’ve had a hard day. A breakup playlist might be just what you need if you’ve had your heart broken. Or perhaps you have an exciting road trip playlist ready for that long drive to visit a friend. Pressing play on the right song might be just what you need if you find yourself in need of a mental health boost.

• Mood: Music can influence your moods by either playing into the emotions you are feeling, allowing you to release them, or giving you a way to disengage from the mood of the moment, distracting you for a moment so you can process them later. This is a healthy way of coping with strong emotions so long as you come back to revisit them when you are able.
• Stress: The University of Nevada describes the scientific reasons music helps us relax from stressful situations. Certain songs may help the brain’s alpha brainwaves sync to the beat, creating a rhythmic flow that is only present when we are conscious but relaxed.
• Depression: Medical News Today reports that music therapy helps to support medication and talk therapy for those experiencing depression, making them more effective at lifting mood by increasing levels of dopamine.
• Anxiety: The same article explains that music therapy can reduce the levels of stress hormones, which can reduce symptoms of anxiety. Results can be seen immediately whereas other anxiety treatments could take weeks or months to be effective.
• Serious Mental Illness (SMI): SMI includes such diagnoses as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, PTSD, and borderline personality disorder. Nearly 350 studies reviewed by Frontiers in Psychology showed music to be beneficial in treating severe mental illness.. It has far-reaching benefits when treating them alongside medication management and talk therapy.

The History of Black Music Month

President Jimmy Carter first designated June as Black Music Month in 1979. It was later updated to African American Music Month by President Barack Obama. The month-long celebration of the sound, song, and stories of what has become the Black music industry began with a presidential proclamation but has become something much more. Today, Black music is used to address social concerns, spread cultural pride, and reach new, young audiences regardless of race.

Music Genres Created and Influenced by Black Musicians

Black music started from the beginning and grew from the sounds and turmoil facing the slaves of the South. From such strife came the songs and lyrics we still listen to today. Let’s take a closer look at the genres inspired by some of the most prominent African American musicians.

• Sacred Music: Gospel music plays during many services even today but has its roots in the musical traditions of enslaved African Americans of the South. This music often inspired other genres.
• Folk Music: These lyrics are also inspired by cultural traditions rooted in slavery and were the beginnings of the hip hop and rap movement of today.
• The Blues: The Blues form a solid foundation for modern music in America. It was also geographically different. Listening to the Blues in Chicago was very different from Southern Texas, as the lyrics spoke of both the troubles and the cultural uniqueness of each location.
• Military Music: While African American music was unique back home, it became unique on the front lines as Black countrymen incorporated their own style into traditional military tunes.
• Jazz: Jazz was a “musical innovation” that began in New Orleans as an instrumental form of expression. It is often made up on the spot with elaborate solos from talented band performers.
• Rhythm and Blues: Gospel, the Blues, and Jazz all influence R&B music, which began in the 1940s. It helped to spread African American culture to new audiences. Today, it also incorporates elements of Soul and Funk.
• Rock and Roll: African Americans have claimed their own special place in the Rock and Roll Hall of fame with many big musicians. The genre is one of the largest today and blends country music, Pop, and others.
• Hip Hop and Rap: Today, hip hop and rap are a billboard for social and political issues facing African American culture. Black musicians share their views through streaming services, radio, and other creative ways.
• Others: There are many other genres of music that should be recognized, such as Funk and Motown, Boogie Woogie, and Soul. African American music has touched on nearly every genre throughout the genrations.

African American Musicians

National Black Music Month is founded on the musicians of the past, including such names as Diana Ross, Tina Turner, and the classical composer Florence Price. There are too many key figures to list, but we can start with a few of the most notable ones who laid the foundation for the Black artists of today.

• Aretha Franklin
• Ella Fitzgerald
• Ray Charles
• Jimi Hendrix
• James Brown
• Stevie Wonder
• Michael Jackson
• Prince
• Little Richard
• Tina Turner

Today, African American musicians touch every genre, from country music to hip hop. In their music, you’ll find cultural pride expressed, paying homage to the musicians of the past, and many examples of what’s made their music what it is today.

• Lizzo
• Usher
• Alicia Keys
• Rihanna
• Darius Rucker
• John Legend
• The Weeknd
• Khalid

Black Music Month and Your Health

June is National Black Music Month and Black Health Matters wants to celebrate with you. Our story starts with you, so choose your favorite African American artists and give a listen, then make it a part of your daily self care. Why not try experiencing something new as well?There’s no shortage of amazing artists to listen to.

The post Black Music Month: How The Power Of Song Boosts Mental & Physical Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Below, we answer some important questions about oral health, including what it is and why it’s important, potential complications of poor oral health, barriers for Black people, and what is currently being done or should be to address them.

The Importance of Oral Health

From dental caries to gum disease, oral health conditions can range from mild to severe. Seeing your dentist regularly can help prevent many problems and treat others before they worsen. Many physical health problems can contribute to poor oral health and poor oral health can cause additional ones, so preventing tooth decay and other dental conditions is vital to good general health.

Common Oral Health Conditions

Oral health problems can include the teeth, gums, the bones that support the teeth, the tongue, the back of the throat, and more. The three most common conditions that many people face are cavities, gum disease, and cancer.

• Tooth Decay (Cavities): Also called dental caries, cavities are small holes in the surface of the tooth’s enamel caused by acids from sugary foods and bacteria caused by plaque. They are most common along the gumline and in hard-to-reach crevices where it’s difficult to brush.
• Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease): Gum disease is more common than you think and nearly half of adults over 30 have experienced it. It is caused by inflammation or infections in the gums and bone that support the teeth. It may be preventable in some cases with good oral hygiene. However, some underlying conditions and risk factors also play a role, such as having a weakened immune system or family history.
• Oral Cancer: Tobacco use and alcohol are the two most common causes of oral cancer. Human papilloma virus, or HPV, may also contribute to oropharyngeal cancers located in the back of the throat. Routine oral cancer screenings, especially for those with risk factors, are essential for early treatment.

Poor Oral Health Risk Factors

While poor hygiene is one of the biggest risk factors for tooth decay and gum disease, they are not the only ones. For example, diabetes decreases your ability to fight infections and can lead to periodontal disease and tooth abscess, which can be difficult to treat with underlying health conditions. Osteoporosis can lead to bone loss and tooth decay over time, especially with increased age. You should discuss any underlying health concerns with your dental hygienist and dentist so they can make you aware of any potential links between your oral and physical health.

Possible Oral Health Complications

Poor oral health does not stop at your teeth and gums. In addition to contributing to tooth decay and gum disease, oral health can affect physical health. For example, endocarditis is an infection of the lining inside the chambers of your heart. It’s caused by bacteria, usually from the mouth, spreads through the bloodstream. Similarly, poor oral health can contribute to more chronic conditions like heart disease.

Breaking It Down (by Age Group)

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) details the disparities in oral health and those who are most at risk based on age, income, education level, and more. One such statistic is the oral cancer survival rate, which is lower among Black men compared to White men. This is largely because Black people are more likely to smoke. Other factors for oral health problems can be broken down by age group.

Children (up to age 19)

Approximately 28% of non-Hispanic Black children have had dental caries in their “baby teeth” compared to 18% of White children. Children in low-income homes, including African American, are three times as likely to have untreated cavities in primary teeth and twice as likely in permanent teeth. They are also less likely to receive dental sealants that can prevent cavities.

Adults (ages 20 to 64)

BIPOC, including African and Mexican Americans, are up to three times as likely to have untreated cavities as White people. Education plays a large role in dental care for this age group. Those considered low-income or without private health insurance are most likely to have untreated cavities. Smokers are at the highest risk.

Seniors (ages 65 and up)

By age 65, nearly 17% of people will have lost all their teeth. Many of them are African Americans who smoke or have less than a high school education. Older adults are much more likely to experience oral infections or chronic oral diseases as well. All of these factors play a role in overall health.

Barriers to Quality Dental Care

Getting quality dental care is a challenge for African Americans because of the system itself, socioeconomic status, and a unique culture based on generations of Black history. Combined, these can become an insurmountable barrier. Oral health disparities are especially prevalent in children of color, but can affect any age, as we learned above.

Structural Barriers

Our healthcare system has policies and procedures that lead to unequal treatment of certain populations. It also has biases that change how some receive medical or dental care based on ethnic background. These become structural barriers that unfairly target African Americans and lead to poor oral health in various ways.

• Discrimination: Approximately one third of Black people report experiencing racial discrimination within the healthcare system. A quarter have been affected by it enough to avoid dental care in the future.
• Treatment: A randomized study found that an African American would likely receive a recommendation for a tooth extraction over a root canal for a similar problem compared to a White patient. This has led to disproportionate tooth loss, especially at a younger age.
• Underrepresentation: It can be more difficult for Black people to become dentists because of socioeconomic status but also admissions standards and other policies affecting education and entrance into the field of dentistry.

Socioeconomic Barriers

According to the World Health Organization, social determinants of health (SDH) include the external factors that affect a person’s overall health. These include their income, eduction, employment, food insecurity, and more. How SDH affects Black Americans’ dental health is complex.

• Financial: Many Black people cannot afford the cost of appointments, lost income from taking time off work, and other financial burdens of dental care. Some are not able to afford fluoride toothpaste designed to prevent cavities or treat specific oral conditions.
• Awareness: Some communities do not have the educational resources to stress the importance of good oral health, regardless of average income.
• Transportation: Low income neighborhoods may not have enough dental providers nearby for those lacking reliable transportation.
• Poor Food Options: The most affordable foods aren’t always the best for oral health, which can lead to worsening conditions over time.
• Early Childhood Development: Many children don’t receive adequate dental care because caregivers are unaware of state and federal programs offering free and low cost services.

Cultural Barriers

Many Blacks were not taught the importance of oral health as children and so do not pass that down to their own. This becomes a part of culture and another challenge to overcome. Other cultural barriers include food preferences and caregiver education level.

Addressing Racial Equality in Dental Care

An article published in the Health Affairs journal in April 2022 addressed racial inequity within the healthcare system as it relates to dentistry. In it, the authors call for several actions that may help close the gap and reduce or eliminate the disparities that Black people face in understanding or seeking dental care. Here are just a few of the steps they feel should be taken:

• Changes to the electronic health records system that include dental care
• Student loan forgiveness programs for dental students of color
• Improve racial equity in dental schools, especially school admissions processes
• Expand dental benefits for adults with Medicaid
• Reward oral health programs to help motivate high-risk populations

The Healthy People 2030 initiative run by the US Department of Health and Human Services, as well as the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, also supports oral health for the Black population through a variety of evidence-based programs. Their report, containing research from over 400 contributors, details both the challenges and advancements in oral health over the last 20 years, including what has been done to help address disparities in dental care.

One such advancement is community water fluoridation. Research suggests that drinking fluoridated water helps both families and the US healthcare system save money each year on dental care by preventing dental caries. More underserved communities are now fluoridated.

Ensuring Quality Dental Care for African Americans

Periodontal disease may be common among all races, but those with any oral health problems should be able to receive the dental care they need, no matter their ethnicity, age or socioeconomic status. Unfortunately, a vast majority of Black people aren’t able to, and Black Health Matters is working to share these struggles and raise awareness of what can be done to close the gap in dental health care.

The post Addressing Racial Disparities in Dental Care for African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is chronic kidney disease? What are these healthcare disparities? What gene mutations make Blacks more susceptible to this disease? Read on for these answers and more.

What is Kidney Disease?

Kidney damage causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more common than you think. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the two most common causes, but many autoimmune disorders (like Lupus) also target the kidneys. Becoming severely dehydrated often or recurring urinary tract or bladder infections can contribute to kidney disease over time. Polycystic kidney disease is one type of this disease that is usually genetic, causes more kidney damage over time, and affects how well the kidneys filter blood.

When kidney function is compromised, one or both kidneys cannot filter blood as efficiently as necessary to keep you healthy. Toxins build up in the blood, making you feel sick and possibly damaging other organs. The condition may be temporary while you recover from an illness, but more often, the disease is long-term with a gradual loss of function.

Common Symptoms

Some signs of chronic kidney disease are easy to overlook because they can mimic symptoms of minor illnesses like dehydration. This could be feeling tired or having dark urine. If you already have diabetes, you may be used to swelling in your lower legs. However, some symptoms are a warning sign of chronic kidney disease, and you should address these with a healthcare provider as soon as possible.

• Nausea or vomiting
• Cramps or muscle spasms, especially in the lower legs
• Confusion or trouble concentrating
• Trouble sleeping
• Dry, itchy skin
• Metallic taste or poor appetite

Risk Factors for CKD

Many people are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease and aren’t aware, while many others already have lowered kidney function without realizing it. Kidney disease progresses quickly without treatment. If you have one or more risk factors listed below, you should discuss them with your healthcare provider.

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Over age 60
• Long-term use of pain relievers (particularly NSAIDs)
• Family history
• Ethnic background

Kidney Disease Treatment

The five stages of kidney disease range from very little damage and normal function in the early stages to end-stage kidney disease with little to no function. Complete kidney failure requires dialysis to remove the waste product from your blood and an eventual kidney transplant. CKD treatment will vary depending on kidney function, co-existing health conditions, and other factors. You will work closely with your kidney doctor, any other specialists needed, and your primary provider to ensure you can manage the progression of the disease as best as possible.

Why is Kidney Disease Different for Black People?

Any chronic illness brings many challenges, but Blacks facing CKD experience more of them. From biology and DNA to racism within the healthcare system, kidney disease differs for the Black community.

Systemic Racism

Racism has been ingrained within the healthcare system for decades. There are several ways in which Blacks experience systemic prejudice, including accessing or being offered healthcare resources or services.

Access to Healthcare

It is widely reported by research organizations, university publications, and others that healthcare disparities exist within the black community. Those living in poorer neighborhoods may not have access to well-equipped medical clinics or adequate health insurance. Many black Americans don’t have a primary healthcare provider for preventative care, even for such conditions as high blood pressure, or access to specialists like a kidney doctor, so early detection of most chronic illnesses is challenging.

The black population is less likely to receive testing for chronic illness if suspected, even routine urine tests, or be referred for advanced care if warranted. These healthcare access disparities are being addressed, but change has been slow, and has led to lower quality of life for many suffering from a long list of diseases and not just those affecting the kidneys.

Diagnosing Kidney Failure in African Americans

GFR is a standard blood test that measures the glomerular filtration rate, giving healthcare providers an estimate of how well your kidneys function. A long-standing belief within the medical community was that GFR results were higher for African American adults. There weren’t many clinical studies to support this theory, so a task force was created to reassess the notion. After ten months, no evidence was found, and the task force recommended that all healthcare providers immediately apply the same GFR equations to both African American and Caucasian patients. These tests are now more accurate and early detection is much easier.

Racial Bias in Transplants

NBC reported in February 2023 that changes had been made to how patients’ priority is determined when added to the kidney transplant waiting list. According to the report, Dr. Martha Pavlakis says that “the inclusion of race variables is inaccurate,” and the outdated GFR lab test is now banned. African Americans on the list will be credited with time, meaning they could receive a kidney transplant one to two years sooner than expected. Before this change, the average wait time for an African American was 64 months compared to 37 months for a non-Hispanic white person.

A study published by Current Transplantation Reports supports this, citing “structural racism” as a leading cause of Blacks’ lower access to living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT).

Co-existing Conditions

Diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure) are the leading causes of kidney diseases. The Office of Minority Health at the US Department of Health and Human Services reports that there are nearly twice as many black Americans with diabetes than non-Hispanic white people. According to the American Heart Association, over half have high blood pressure. It is more likely to develop early and become more severe. Many fall into both categories as one is a risk factor for the other.

Other conditions are also risk factors for kidney disease, like cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting the black community. Black women are especially vulnerable to autoimmune diseases, like Lupus, that attack the kidneys and sometimes lead to using NSAIDs to control joint pain.

Treatment for chronic kidney disease often requires treatment of underlying health conditions, which requires access to consistent healthcare and medications. In some communities experiencing economic disparities, this can create many challenges.

Genetic Predisposition

In addition to underlying medical conditions, a common gene mutation may increase their risk. Dr. Opeyemi Olabisi of Duke University describes this mutation and its effects for the New York Times. The APOL1 gene is found in the DNA of those with sub-Saharan or Afro-Caribbean ancestry as a defense against African trypanosomiasis. This disease, also called sleeping sickness, is caused by a parasite. While the normal gene has been helpful for millennia, those that inherit two copies of the mutated gene are much more likely to develop kidney disease. This is similar to a gene that naturally developed an immune response against malaria but made current generations more usceptible to sickle cell disease.

Medications currently being tested could help target these gene mutations to help treat chronic kidney disease in the black community at its source. Genetic testing may help determine who is at risk, but there’s no guarantee that a person with both mutations will develop the disease. However, knowing about their vulnerability could lead to high blood pressure and added stress, leading to another risk factor.

How Are Things Changing?

Thankfully, the healthcare system is slowly changing to ensure everyone gets the care they deserve regardless of race or income level. These changes are slow but happening nonetheless. Just a few of the transformations we’ve seen so far include the following:

• Addressing Social and Economic Disparities
• Better Access to Culturally-Competent Care
• Healthcare Education
• Preventative Medicine
• Better Understanding of Kidney Function
• Faster Referrals for Kidney Transplant
• Less Bias in Receiving a Transplant
• Genetic Testing When Appropriate
• Targeting of the APOL1 Gene

Chronic Kidney Disease in African Americans

It may take time for every community to see the effects of reform. Still, we hope that more awareness of these disparities will soon affect even more positive change, allowing those suffering from kidney disease to experience a better quality of life through every stage of the condition. Black Health Matters has the privilege of working with amazing people and organizations to help spread this awareness.

If you or someone you know is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, know that there are studies and tests underway for new treatments and changes within healthcare every day to make getting those treatments easier once they are available.

The post The Realities of Kidney Disease Within the Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders affect more people than most know. In fact, someone you know could live with one and you may not realize it. The reason for this is that there are many types of anxiety disorders and each presents with different symptoms. Let’s look at some of the more common types of anxiety disorders.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a treatable condition that typically starts around age 30 but may occur in adults of any age and sometimes even in children and adolescents. The most common symptoms are excessive worry about everyday things and trouble controlling those worries. Most people with anxiety disorders like GAD are aware that they worry too much, which often makes symptoms worse.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Separation anxiety is common in young children, but it typically resolves by about age three. If signs of anxiety persist or there are signs of more intense fear, there may be an underlying separation anxiety disorder. If not treated early, these disorders can continue throughout childhood and affect education, and relationships with others, and even cause physical symptoms. Most adults with separation anxiety disorders saw symptoms begin in early childhood.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Many brush off social anxiety disorder as “shyness” or a “lack of self-confidence” in public. However, there is much more to this anxiety disorder, previously called social phobia, often causing symptoms that affect every aspect of a person’s life and even the choices they make while living it. For example, they may attempt to avoid public places, choosing instead to stay home. If they need to interact, people with anxiety disorders may experience everything from sweating to a rapid heartbeat just at the thought of it. When not interacting, intense fear of future interactions may lead to panic attacks or a co-existing panic disorder.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Following traumatic events, many experience a range of emotions, from guilt to anger. One response is intense anxiety. Anxiety is closely associated with PTSD, and is often treated similarly, even though PTSD is no longer considered strictly an anxiety disorder. It’s important to note that post traumatic stress disorder can affect anyone, not only those in the military. The American Psychiatric Association lists several other examples of traumatic events, such as sexual assault, natural disasters, bullying, and intimate partner violence.

Specific Phobias

Generalized anxiety disorder encompasses excessive worry about daily life. However, many people suffer from a specific phobia. The classic symptoms could be the same and many are severe enough to trigger panic attacks, depending on the type of phobia encountered. There are many types of phobias, from animal phobias like the fear of dogs or spiders to environmental phobias like the fear of heights or germs. Each phobia can occur on a spectrum, from mild to debilitating.

Mental health discussions are important and begin with us. Speaking up about conditions like anxiety and others can change so much. These discussions can (and should) be for every age.

Other Anxiety Disorders

There are many anxiety disorders, so it’s difficult to list them all. However, you should know several others that, although complex, are still common.

• Panic Disorder: Panic attacks cause a range of symptoms that may even mimic a heart attack. The intense fear associated with prolonged or sudden, overwhelming anxiety can trigger these attacks. The disorder can become debilitating if not easily managed.
• Agoraphobia: As a panic disorder and one of the many complex specific phobias, agoraphobia is the fear of being in a space where you cannot easily escape should you need to. This could be because of a small space such as inside an airplane, or because of large crowds that are difficult to navigate.
• Selective Mutism: This is a type of social anxiety disorder in which those who have normal language skills around those they know well don’t speak in public, including at school, work, or other common locations.

Anxiety Symptoms

While you may easily notice the signs of someone experiencing a severe panic attack, it’s not so simple to see the more subtle symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in someone who has learned how to manage it well. Still, there are some common symptoms of anxiety that you may experience or see in others.

Physical Symptoms:

• Cold/sweaty hands
• Numb/tingling hands or feet
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Rapid heartbeat
• Shortness of breath
• Muscle tension

Mental and Behavioral Symptoms:

• Panic or fear
• Nightmares
• Flashbacks
• Obsessive thoughts
• Restlessness
• Ritualistic behaviors
• Trouble sleeping

Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorders

Just as with any other physical or mental health condition, anxiety disorders come with risk factors. Some people are more susceptible to them for a variety of reasons. Remember, being at risk for an anxiety disorder does not guarantee that you will develop one. It simply means that you have a higher chance of experiencing anxiety related to a disorder. You should be aware of your symptoms and seek the help of a mental health professional if needed.

General Risk Factors

Most people have at least one or two, if not more, of the risk factors for anxiety below. They will also experience anxiety from time to time. More risk factors and more intense fear that affect your daily life increase the probability of an anxiety disorder that can and should be treated.

Do any of the below risk factors apply to you? If so, how many? Do they have a significant impact on how you life your life? Do you feel anxious or even intense fear over them?

• Stress (especially chronic, excessive tension)
• Personality traits (introversion vs. extroversion, etc.)
• History of traumatic events
• Gender (females are more susceptible to anxiety than males, gender dysphoria)
• Chronic physical illness
• Hormonal or other imbalances
• Major life events (may cause temporary or lifelong anxiety)
• Medication side effects

Race Specific Risks

African Americans and other POC may face additional risk factors for mental disorders like anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and more. The risks listed below make them more susceptible to many types of anxiety disorders, although they are less likely to report symptoms of them.

• Racism: Whether institutional, interpersonal, internalized, or structural, racism makes life more difficult and anxiety is not only common but to be expected. African Americans encounter some of the strongest racial opposition in the United States, making it a powerful risk factor.
• Inhibited Temperament: Defined as social withdrawal or avoidance, this temperament is often seen early in childhood and continues throughout life. A study conducted by Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience found that this trait may lead to increased susceptibility to behavioral and mental health conditions like anxiety disorders.
• Certain Medical Conditions: Some physical health conditions have anxiety symptoms that may lead to a co-existing mental health problem. Unfortunately, African Americans are more susceptible to many of them, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Because Black people are at higher risk for these conditions, they are therefore at higher risk of anxiety.
• Genetic Factors: The RBFOX1 gene variant is closely linked to many psychiatric disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. This gene mutation is not the only indicator for anxiety and some with the gene may not develop anxiety at all. However, the gene makes family members who share the RBFOX1 gene more susceptible.
• Early Environment: Children who grow up in a home with at least one anxious parent are more likely to develop anxiety as they get older. Their early home environment is only one factor. Being bullied at school, unstable living arrangements among family members and other environmental factors may also play a role.

Anxiety in African Americans

Mental illness looks different for Black people in the United States, from how many experience it, their symptoms, and even seeking treatment. Understanding these disparities is the first step in resolving not only the prevalence of anxiety disorders among African Americans but also how those with these and other mental disorders are treated.

Statistics

According to a study conducted by the Department of Psychology at Boston University and the Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, there are disparities among races and various anxiety disorders. For example, White people are more likely to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. However, Black people show fewer symptoms of chronic anxiety disorders and are more likely to suffer from PTSD. This may be explained by the additional risks to their mental health. It’s important to note that no matter what anxiety disorder a person faces, there is a strong anxiety and depression association, increasing the risk for additional mental health concerns.

Treatments

The National Alliance on Mental Illness, or NAMI, is one of the largest advocates for mental health in the United States. They recommend psychotherapy with a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focus as one of the best treatment options for anxiety. Many find medications helpful as well, but they should be managed closely by an experienced mental health provider. Other ways to help manage stress are regular exercise, yoga, meditation, and overall self-awareness.

Black Americans may struggle to find the appropriate way to treat anxiety disorders, especially when there is already a shortage of mental health providers. Finding one close by who is also culturally aware and able to support your specific needs can be challenging. However, it’s important to remember that the search is worth the reward and, while it’s not possible to cure anxiety disorders, finding the right support system through an experienced and compassionate psychotherapist and community network can improve your symptoms and help improve your daily life significantly.

Resources

The Anxiety and Depression Association of America lists many helpful resources specific to African Americans facing mental disorders, from choosing a therapist to finding support groups. The organization even encourages people of all races to share their mental health story so that others may benefit, often realizing that they are not alone in their struggle.

African Americans and Anxiety Disorders

Whether you have a specific phobia, social anxiety affecting your job performance, or generalized anxiety disorder caused by physical health conditions, you don’t need to suffer alone. From psychotherapy to anti-anxiety medications, exposure therapy to coping strategies, there are things you can do to relieve symptoms. Black Health Matters works to help raise awareness of anxiety within the Black community so that more are willing to engage with providers about their symptoms and live happier, longer, and more fulfilling lives.

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The History of National Minority Health Month

Raising awareness about minority health goes all the way back to 1915, when Booker T. Washington laid the foundation. National Negro Health Week (NNHW) focused on the poor living and working conditions that plagued mostly Black neighborhoods and employment opportunities.

From there, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched Healthy People 2010. This was the third iteration of this initiative, following previous ones in 1990 and 2000, and focused on eliminating health disparities across all ethnic minority groups.

Not long after, the US Congress called for an awareness month to promote the efforts currently underway and encourage further action to reduce the health disparities affecting minorities, establishing National Minority Health Month in April 2002.

Why Do We Celebrate It?

The goal of National Minority Health Month is to help “promote and protect the health of diverse populations through research and communication of science that addresses health disparities.” But what does this mean?

Throughout April, the FDA and other federal, state, and local agencies increase collaboration on a shared initiative, addressing health disparities through awareness and education. To better understand their goals and how they achieve them, you should know a few key concepts.

• Health equity is the equal opportunity to be healthy. While some ethnic minorities are predisposed to health conditions simply because of their race, they should have the same access to insurance coverage, medical care, community resources, language access, and health literacy that any other race has access to.

• Health disparities are the disproportionate health outcomes of one group of people compared to another because of health inequity. The Kaiser Family Foundation found that three months into the Covid-19 pandemic, almost triple the number of African Americans were hospitalized compared to white people and over twice as many had died. There were many underlying health disparities, like lower socioeconomic status and higher risk of other chronic health conditions that were not well managed.

• Health literacy is the understanding of a person’s health or the ability to find the information needed. It also includes the ability to understand the information they find, regardless of language and education barriers. Learning about clinical trials is just one part of health literacy, especially if a clinical trial applies to how your health condition may help both you and future patients.

National Minority Health Month aims to raise awareness of better health for all racial and ethnic minorities by advancing health equity, reducing health disparities, and improving health literacy.

What is This Year’s Theme?

This year’s theme is “Better Health Through Better Understanding.” While the OMHHE supports many initiatives year-round, this theme allows them to share the importance of one in particular. The Enhance Equity Initiative focuses on addressing the underrepresentation of minorities in clinical trials.

Previous National Minority Health Month themes include:

• “Give Your Community a Boost!” to encourage Covid-19 vaccination (2022)

• “Active and Healthy” to emphasize staying physically active and enhancing emotional wellness (2020)

• “Partnering for Health Equity” to raise awareness about current efforts to address the disproportionate burden of various ethnic groups in health care, housing, employment, and more (2018)

• “Accelerating Health Equity for the Nation” to create a better understanding of health disparities and how they affect racial groups (2016)

• “30 Years of Advancing Health Equity” celebrated 30 years of the Heckler Report, which helped to prove the existence of racial inequalities in health care (2015)

Why is This Important?

ProPublica published an analysis of a recent clinical trial of a medication used to treat Multiple Myeloma, a devastating blood cancer. While approximately 20% of all Multiple Myeloma patients in the US are African American, only 13 of the 722 participants in the clinical trial were Black. This is less than 2% of all participants. Because ethnic minority populations, especially Black people, seem to have a genetic predisposition to this cancer, it often leads to more severe disease complications, and they react differently to many treatment options, being so grossly underrepresented in a clinical trial may affect whether this medication is as effective for them as it is for the non-Hispanic Caucasian participants.

However, this new initiative may help raise awareness of these problems, so clinical trials include ethnic minority groups in appropriate numbers and document these participants’ results accurately. Researchers can then work toward improving health outcomes for minority populations, reducing disparities in treatment outcomes. With better communication between the FDA, other research agencies, and health providers, more minority communities can benefit from current and future clinical trials.

Conditions Affecting the Black Community

National Minority Health Month 2023 helps to raise awareness of the benefits of clinical trials through the “Better Health Through Better Understanding” initiative. Those affected by certain conditions may benefit from joining a clinical trial to both test new treatments and play a role in approving effective ones that may benefit many more patients in the future. Some conditions affect African Americans more than others and are, therefore, most important to have an accurate representation of the Black community involved.

Cardiovascular Disease

Health education is vital to the prevention of most heart disease. Some clinical studies in the past have followed those without cardiovascular disease to see who would develop it and who wouldn’t be based on family history, lifestyle choices, and other factors. Learning what risk factors could be affected and to what degree has helped providers adjust treatment based on the health needs of their patients. Current and future clinical trials continue to research risk factors and treatment options, as it is the leading cause of death among all ages, genders, and races in the United States.

Stroke

Closely tied to heart disease is the risk of stroke, which can lead to premature death in Black Americans and other minorities. It is vital that Blacks are accurately represented in clinical trials studying stroke because they are 50% more likely to have one. Black women are at the highest risk. Compared to non-Hispanic White people, over 70% more Blacks will die from their stroke. To truly understand the underlying causes of these health disparities and what can be done to address them, African Americans should be made aware of these clinical trials and encouraged to take part.

Diabetes

Prevention is key, but with so many risk factors, Type 2 diabetes may be unavoidable for some Black Americans. Diabetes comes with the risk of many disease complications, some of them life-threatening. There are ongoing clinical trials to help reduce these risks and perhaps reverse the condition. Every trial is different and may require participants in different stages of the disease or with varying demographics. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes and are interested in new treatment options, be sure to discuss the possibility of a clinical trial with your healthcare provider.

Cancer

While cancer is a leading cause of death among all races, some forms are more prevalent among Blacks. These include breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. Through various studies over the last several decades, it’s been found that the increased risk for cancer can be linked to poor diet, especially common in low-income households; environmental pollution like smog and asbestos which are frequently seen in underprivileged neighborhoods; poor lifestyle choices like smoking that have much higher rates for Black men than for Caucasians; and family history. Clinical studies for cancer are likely specific to the type, so if you are diagnosed with cancer, discuss the possibility of participating in one with your oncologist or another specialist provider.

Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell anemia is most often seen in infants and is a medical emergency. There are some medications available to help control the sickling of red blood cells, decrease vascular blockages, control inflammation and pain, and reduce the chance of disease complications. However, some patients may need blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants to control the disease. There are ongoing clinical trials to help develop new treatment options to better manage or treat sickle cell disease that you or your child may qualify for.

HIV/AIDS

A study published by the American Journal of Public Health found that Black men who have sex with men are 14 times more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to test positive for HIV. The number of Blacks currently living with HIV compared to Whites is nearly double and these numbers are continuing to worsen. The average age of initial infection is declining, meaning many Black men are reaching adulthood with HIV. Another study proved that many clinical trials do not accurately address minority health or even gender, although doing so is vital to improving outcomes from new HIV/AIDS treatments for African Americans and all ethnic minorities.

Conclusion

National Minority Health Month helps to raise awareness of the disproportionate burden that Black Americans face every year because of inequities in our health care system. By addressing disparities through easier access to resources and better representation in clinical trials, we may resolve these inequities soon. Black Health Matters support National Minority Health Month by supporting the well-being of African Americans through education and awareness.

The post What Is National Minority Health Month? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Multiple Myeloma: Plasma Cell Cancer

Plasma is the fluid part of your blood, making up over half of its volume, that carries blood cells, platelets, water, salt, and other essential components throughout your body. Another vital component created by plasma is the antibodies that make up part of your immune system. It is created in the bone marrow, a spongy tissue inside your bones. “B cells” (B lymphocytes) and “T cells” (T lymphocytes and thymocytes) live in the bone marrow along with plasma. When activated by the immune system, these lymphocytes mature into plasma, giving the body the additional plasma it needs to fight infections.

Cancerous myeloma cells crowd the bone marrow, leaving no room for healthy blood cells and plasma-producing tissue. Myeloma cells produce harmful proteins that cause a long list of symptoms and complications. By the time it is diagnosed, this cancer has usually spread to several locations throughout the body, making it multiple myeloma.

Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

While many of the signs of multiple myeloma are general and could indicate several health conditions, the most notable symptom is bone pain. This is most commonly felt in your spine or chest and can be persistent and, at times, debilitating. However, in the early stages, the disease may present very mild symptoms or none at all. In fact, routine blood work finds many cases without any complaints of symptoms or ones a patient assumes are because of a common illness like the flu. Still, you should know the symptoms of multiple myeloma that include:

• Fatigue/lethargy
• Brain fog or confusion
• Nausea
• Constipation
• Loss of appetite/weight loss
• Excessive thirst
• Numbness in your legs
• Frequent infections

As abnormal plasma cells grow in number, patients are likely to experience additional symptoms related to complications, like kidney problems. The body’s inability to attack germs leads to frequent infections, resulting in acute symptoms that should be treated as they arise.

Possible Complications

The symptoms of multiple myeloma are because of the breakdown of health bone marrow as myeloma cells crowd the limited space. Fewer healthy blood cells as the cancer worsens results in complications felt throughout the body.

• Anemia: Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. With fewer red blood cells, anemia may lead to a lack of energy, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, headache, and more. Some of the treatment options for multiple myeloma may even contribute to anemia in some patients.
• Bone Disease: As myeloma cells crowd the bone marrow, osteoporosis can set in, making bones thinner and more brittle. Eventually bone lesions may form, creating holes. These bones are much more likely to fracture.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: These problems are typically caused by treatments and not necessarily the disease itself. There are many ways to help relieve symptoms, including self care and medications.
• Heart and Lung Problems: Those with multiple myeloma are more likely to suffer from a blood clot, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary hypertension because of the disease itself, treatment options, and living a more sedentary lifestyle as the disease progresses.
• Kidney Failure: One of the harmful antibodies created by abnormal plasma cells, monoclonal proteins, damages the renal tubes and glomeruli of the kidneys, eventually leading to kidney failure.
• Myelosuppression: Anemia is just one side effect of bone marrow suppression caused by the reduced production of red blood cells. Other disorders that may develop because of myelosuppression include neutropenia (low white blood cells) and thrombocytopenia (low platelets).
• Chronic Pain: The two most common forms of pain experienced by those with multiple myeloma are bone pain and peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is caused by damage to the nerves, especially those of the arms and legs.
• Steroid Side Effects: Long-term use of steroids can lead to both physical and mental effects that can be short-term, returning to normal once the medication is stopped, or long-term. They can include everything from muscle cramps to cataracts to personality changes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Research has suggested that monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, or MGUS, can cause multiple myeloma cells to form. Excess amounts of M protein in your blood begin formation in the bone marrow, which could be the first sign that something is amiss. There is no treatment required for MGUS, but your healthcare provider should monitor it for any changes.

Researchers and providers have determined other risk factors for multiple myeloma that include:

• Age: MM is rare in those under 35, but those over 65 are at highest risk.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.
• Family History: Many people with multiple myeloma do not have any family history of the disease. Still, genetics may contribute to risk.
• Health: Pre-existing conditions affecting the immune system or inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular disease increase risk.
• Chemical or Radiation Exposure: Being exposed to some pesticides and herbicides increases risk, as does prolonged exposure to radiation.
• Previous Plasma Cell Tumor: Also known as solitary plasmacytoma, these tumors increase the chance of develop multiple myeloma in the future.
• Occupation: Some studies have shown that those in certain professions are at higher risk, like firefighters.

Multiple Myeloma Treatments

Those with multiple myeloma will likely work with a team of providers to help treat the cancer and improve quality of life. This will include a primary care provider, dietician, physical or occupational therapist, orthopedic surgeon, radiation oncologist, bone marrow transplant specialist, and others. It’s vital for the team to coordinate efforts to ensure you get the best care possible and that treatments are effective at managing symptoms.

Types of multiple myeloma treatment options include:

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Medication
• Stem cell transplant
• CAR T-cell therapy
• Supportive treatments
• Clinical trails
• Complementary medicine
• Palliative care

Multiple Myeloma and Black People

As frightening a disease as multiple myeloma is, it is more so for the black race. From genetics to socioeconomic status, Black people suffer from more risk factors than white people. These risk factors are compounded by clinical trials that fail to account for them.

Startling Statistics

The International Myeloma Foundation estimates that African Americans will make up nearly a quarter of the newly diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma by 2034. Yet, today, they only account for 8% of the participants in clinical trials.

Just as alarming is how many Black people are affected by multiple myeloma today. Black people are typically diagnosed at an earlier age and are twice as likely to be diagnosed as white people. They are also twice as likely to die from the disease. It is the number one most common blood cancer in the African American population, including those of mixed race.

More troubling is that the average African American patient is less likely to:

• Receive a timely diagnosis
• Turn to novel therapies like bortezomib
• Research new treatments
• Utilize stem cell transplant or CAR T-Cell therapy
• Receive inpatient chemotherapy
• Have access to culturally sensitive palliative care options

Biological Factors

Studies published in the Blood Cancer Journal have shown that MGUS and other plasma cell disorders are much more likely in those with family history, making them strong risk factors. Because Black women are already twice as likely to experience MGUS as white women, this increases the risk of developing multiple myeloma as well. Other studies seem to support these findings. Studies have shown that multiple myeloma is closely linked with biological risk factors, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. These health conditions, and cancer in general, are known to affect the Black race disproportionately.

Socioeconomic Factors

The black community is less likely to receive preventative healthcare because they are also less likely to have adequate health insurance to cover such care. Many cases of multiple myeloma are diagnosed before symptoms even arise, caught early during routine lab work. A primary medical provider can often detect MGUS, a precursor to multiple myeloma, early and monitor it closely. Even with health insurance, Black people may not have a clinic or hospital nearby at which to seek such preventative care, “letting it slide” when they do experience mild symptoms.

If diagnosed, many African Americans don’t have access to the most effective new treatments. Socioeconomic status may mean they have limited or no health insurance to cover them and lack proximity to clinics with modern healthcare technology. When cancer symptoms worsen, lack of access to the most effective treatments, combined with limited palliative care options, may decrease quality of life and life expectancy. Without racial equality in cancer care because of socioeconomic factors, the black population suffers.

Cancer Research

Black Americans are often underrepresented in research studies and clinical trials for multiple myeloma. In one study referenced by WebMD, they estimated that only 18% of those taking part were from various ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic white people made up the vast majority. Considering the biological factors putting black people at higher risk for the disease, this puts them at a disadvantage for developing new and more effective treatment options. There are many reasons for this disparity, from lack of awareness of such studies to proximity to study locations. Still, this inequity in minority representation needs to be addressed for this and other plasma cell disorders, so researchers can better understand what role ethnic background plays in determining risk.

Multiple Myeloma: It’s In Our Bones

Research has shown that, when given an equal opportunity for healthcare and financial stability, outcomes for Black people are similar to those of European ancestry. By promoting clinical trials and researching new treatments, fighting for equality in healthcare and addressing disparities within Black communities, we can improve the well-being of all African Americans, including those suffering from multiple myeloma. By raising awareness, Black Health Matters is helping to address this important issue for African American and multiracial people.

The post Understanding Multiple Myeloma: Answering The Questions appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Types of Strokes

There are various types of strokes that you may experience. While experiencing symptoms, the first and most crucial step is to get medical care so that treatment can begin as soon as possible. However, the long-term treatment will vary depending on the stroke you’ve suffered.

• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot develops in the brain or travels from elsewhere and blocks blood flow, damaging brain cells. These attacks present sudden symptoms similar to a stroke but typically don’t last as long. There is no way to tell whether the initial stroke symptoms are a hemorrhagic stroke or a less severe transient ischemic attack, so you should always assume that you need immediate medical attention and call for emergency care. A TIA is often called a mini-stroke and is the most common.
• Hemorrhagic Strokes: There are several types of hemorrhagic strokes. However, all of them include bleeding in the brain caused by a ruptured blood vessel. The hemorrhaging can quickly worsen, so early detection and treatment are essential. While not the most common type of stroke, it is the most dangerous.
• Silent Strokes: If a blood clot causes damage to an area of the brain that doesn’t cause any significant outward symptoms and is relatively minor, the stroke may go unnoticed. Some patients only find out they’ve had a silent stroke if they undergo a brain scan for an unrelated condition or if they experience a major stroke later, and evidence can be seen on a CT scan or MRI.

Signs of a Stroke

The symptoms of a stroke will vary from person to person. Even if the person has had a stroke before, another event could seem different based on severity and location. An ischemic stroke, a mini-stroke, will look different from a hemorrhagic stroke. You should never assume that every event will appear the same.

Some stroke symptoms aren’t outwardly visible, so you should always convey these to someone if you start to experience them. When someone is aware, they are better prepared to help you.

• Numbness: You may feel numbness in your face, arm, or leg, but usually only on one side of the body. Numbness of the face could cause drooping that is easy to identify.
• Weakness: This is usually accompanied by numbness, but not always. When there is no numbness, you may not notice the weakness until you try to do something like pick up a glass of water.
• Confusion: Trouble speaking coherently is one of the first signs of many strokes. However, it could be that you aren’t understanding the speech of others. If possible, try to communicate this.
• Vision Changes: These changes usually include blurry or double vision. However, it could also be narrowed or blackened. Any visual changes should be reported to someone nearby.
• Loss of Balance or Coordination: Others often easily observe trouble walking due to balance or lifting your legs. Try to remain seated to keep from injuring yourself.
• Severe Headache: A severe headache could cause vomiting, dizziness, and more as brain cells begin to die with a lack of blood flow.

What to Do If You Suspect a Stroke

What do you do if you are experiencing any of these signs or notice that someone else is? Follow the steps below to ensure you (or they) get the fastest care possible to avoid lasting brain damage or even death.

Act F.A.S.T

Use the acronym F.A.S.T. to check for the signs of a stroke. These symptoms may come and go over several hours or come on suddenly. You should assume that the event is ongoing and needs immediate medical attention.

• F(ace): Does one side of the face droop when smiling?
• A(rms): Does one arm slowly fall when raising the arms?
• S(peech): Is speech slurred? Does it sound strange? Is there trouble speaking a simple phrase?
• T(ime): Contact 9-1-1 or other emergency services for immediate medical attention if you notice any or all of the above symptoms.

Keep Track of Symptoms

Once you notice symptoms of a stroke, start taking notes. Keep track of what symptoms started, when, on what side of the body, and if the person has relayed any symptoms you haven’t observed. This information can be vital to an emergency care team as they work to identify the type of stroke and treat it appropriately.

Always Call for an Ambulance

It can be tempting to drive someone to the hospital yourself because you can get them to the hospital faster than an ambulance. However, the ambulance is equipped with trained EMS personnel and has life-saving medications that can be administered while on their way to the hospital. It is always best to call 9-1-1 in the event of a stroke.

Risk Factors for Strokes

Understanding the signs of a stroke is vital, especially if you know you or someone you love is at risk for one. Are you? There are many risk factors, from lifestyle choices you can control to age and gender, that you can’t.

Health Conditions

Having other health conditions can put you at a higher risk of experiencing a stroke. For example, suppose you have high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, or another similar heart condition. In that case, it can affect the blood vessels in the brain and increase the chances of hemorrhagic stroke. Coronary heart disease, blood clotting disorders, and high cholesterol levels may increase your risk of developing a blood clot that can travel to the brain, where it could cause a transient ischemic attack.

Some other underlying health conditions that may make you more susceptible include diabetes, stress, kidney disease, migraine, and obesity. You should work closely with your primary care provider to manage these conditions.

Lifestyle Choices

You may have more control over stroke risk factors, such as smoking, diet, exercise, drinking alcohol, sleeping too much, and using illicit drugs. It can be difficult to eliminate or change these habits. However, there are many resources available to help. The CDC offers telephone and app support tools and access to medicines to quit smoking. Your primary care provider can help create a healthy diet and exercise plan or refer you to a dietician and physical therapist. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offers a 24/7 hotline with information and referrals for those with a substance use disorder.

Stress and Mental Health

Stress and anxiety contribute to stroke risk in several ways, including increasing blood pressure. Many people with poor mental health ignore their physical health, allowing it to decline as they develop diseases like diabetes from poor diet and exercise. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, contact a mental health counselor or your primary care provider, who can refer you to one to help reduce your risk of stroke.

Age

According to the CDC, “the chance of having a stroke about doubles every ten years after age 55.” This is not to say that younger adults aren’t at risk as well. They also report that approximately one in seven strokes affects those under 49. While you may not be able to change the age risk factor, you can significantly reduce its impact by improving the ones you can control.

Gender

There is a significant disparity when comparing the number of Black adults affected by stroke compared to white people, especially when looking at gender. The US Department of Health and Human Services reports that in 2018, the number of African American men who suffered a stroke was relatively similar to that of white men. However, the number of African American women who experienced a stroke that year was double that of white women. The death rates were equally shocking, with both Black men and women more likely to die from a stroke than other races. In comparison, the risk of stroke is higher for a woman by 20-21% over the general population.

Family History

Studies show a definitive link between a family history of stroke and individual risk. This is on several levels, including the risk for stroke and the risk of developing health conditions that can lead to stroke, like high blood pressure and those that affect the arteries. Knowing your family’s medical history is essential so you can share this with your healthcare providers and work to minimize your risk.

Ethnic Background

The American Heart Association breaks down their long-term study following over 5,000 participants published in 2021. After 26 years, there were 100 strokes reported. While the rate of strokes between men and women was relatively similar, African Americans were four times more likely to suffer a stroke than white people of the same age. These results are startling and have given researchers new information on to base additional studies as they learn more about how heart health and stroke affect the Black population.

This is not the only study to prove such a correlation between racial identity and the risk of stroke or death. An AHA study in 2017 included participants from African countries, and another studied the recurrence of a transient ischemic attack in Black people who have already experienced one.

The Signs of a Stroke: When Every Minute Counts

Whether ischemic or hemorrhagic, all strokes are a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment to minimize long-term effects. Black people are disproportionately affected by stroke, so if you get a sudden and severe headache or any other signs of a stroke, communicate them to someone nearby as quickly as possible. Every minute counts when blood flow to the brain is compromised.

Black Health Matters understands that much of the Black population lives in areas with poor access to healthcare, which contributes to preventative treatment. By working with our partners and raising awareness of the gender and ethnic group disparities within the healthcare systems, we hope to improve the lives of African Americans in the US. Together, we can.

The post Understanding Signs of a Stroke appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Every so often an opinion poll goes around on social media asking if folks would want to know in advance if they carry genetic material that could cause a fatal disease. Most people say no. Some of these diseases are terrifying, and advanced knowledge about something for which there is no cure? No thanks.

I’ve been a health reporter for years and know full well that early detection is crucial. But I’ve never taken any of these polls. Honestly, I’ve never felt the need.

That stance was called into question when my mom contracted pneumonia.

While in the hospital being treated, her medical team noticed fluid buildup caused by a leaking valve. A cardiac catheterization showed no blockage in her arteries (“she has the arteries of a 17-year-old,” one cardiologist said in amazement). A trans-esophageal echocardiogram was equally uninformative. Yes, her mitral valve was leaking. No, they didn’t know why.

But maybe she was a candidate for a relatively new procedure to repair the valve. If so, she’d be good as new. To prepare for the new procedure, she needed an MRI.

The MRI showed Mom’s heart muscle was thicker than it should be. This led to a heart biopsy. And finally, a diagnosis: something called amyloidosis. My mom struggled to pronounce it for a while. It could cause heart failure, they said.

We learned that there are several types of amyloidosis, so we needed to find out which type of amyloidosis she had. There is light chain amyloidosis, which sounded suspiciously akin to a blood cancer to my health journalist’s ears. I couldn’t get a straight answer about this, even when the recommended therapy for this type of amyloidosis included chemotherapy. There is wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, which the doctors said typically occurs later in life. And hereditary ATTR (hATTR) amyloidosis, a genetic and rare form of the disease that affects about 50,000 people worldwide with about 3-4% of African Americans carrying a TTR gene variant (i.e., mutation) called Val122Ile (V122I).

There were a lot of tests involved to determine which kind of amyloidosis she had. One night she had to produce nine huge tubes of blood. Then there was the three-gallon jug to collect a week’s worth of urine; this was to test Mom’s kidneys. She was also scheduled to have a bone marrow biopsy and a body X-ray.

There were also lots of questions about family history. Both my maternal grandparents suffered from congestive heart failure (CHF). My grandmother, who passed away at age 76, had diabetes, and though the link between diabetes and heart disease wasn’t discussed with her during her lifetime, CHF was listed as the cause of death on her death certificate. Granddaddy, once a smoker, battled emphysema and CHF the last two years of his life. Though he’d quit smoking before I was born, and had been nicotine free for nearly 40 years, his tobacco habit exacted a high price in the end. When he died at age 85, there’d been no mention of amyloidosis.

Knowing Family Medical History Is Key

While we waited for test results, a genetic counselor charted our family medical tree as best as she could. But as in many African American families, figuring out the tangled branches is a tall order. Even before being diagnosed with a disease we’d never heard of, there were gigantic holes in our family health history.

There’s the great-aunt who blamed her daughter’s death from asthma on a blister. High blood pressure and diabetes had run roughshod through generations of relatives, but nobody talked about the connection to heart disease. Scads of ancestors died without ever sharing their diagnoses. And this is all without taking into account the limitations 400 years of slavery and the difficulty African American families have in gathering complete medical knowledge.

Fortunately, blood test results solved the four-month-long mystery. My mom tested positive for a TTR gene variant associated with hATTR amyloidosis less than 12 hours before her bone marrow biopsy, rendering that painful test unnecessary.

I must note a couple of things so I don’t sound whiny and ungrateful: 1) Mom had been through so many tests—some invasive, a few pretty painful—so we were relieved to have a name for what ailed her, and 2) though four months of tests and questions seemed like a lot to us, her diagnosis came relatively quickly. hATTR amyloidosis often stumps folks in the medical community because its symptoms mimic so many other conditions, sometimes leaving patients suffering for years without a diagnosis.

It’s in the Genes

Our genetic counselor stressed the importance of understanding how hATTR amyloidosis can be passed down through families. Genetic counseling can help folks understand their chances of developing the condition, as well as make them familiar with the testing process and implications of a diagnosis. Genetic counselors also can help people understand the issues related to genetic testing—from personal risk to possible insurance impact— and can help determine if a genetic test may be right for them.

hATTR amyloidosis is caused by a variant or change in the TTR gene. This gene change affects the function of a protein called transthyretin (TTR). The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, meaning a person needs to inherit only one copy of the affected gene from one parent in order to develop the disease. Everybody gets two copies of the TTR gene, one inherited from each parent. When one parent carries a variant in the TTR gene, each child will have a 50 percent chance of inheriting that variant. However, inheriting the TTR gene with a variant does not necessarily mean that he or she will develop hATTR amyloidosis.

My mom, one of six children, would need to discuss this with her siblings in the hopes they’d all get tested. She’d done the heavy lifting; they would need to have only a blood or saliva test to find out if they’d inherited the variant.

Our genetic counselor made it even easier. She supplied us with detailed information about hATTR amyloidosis and included geneticists in every city where family members reside. She also noted that a family member can inherit the TTR gene with a variant but having the variant does not mean hATTR amyloidosis is a given. Put simply: A person can carry the variant without ever developing the disease.

Still, only one of Mom’s siblings—her youngest sister—was tested (she doesn’t have the variant, so her only child, a son, doesn’t need the test). The remaining brothers and sisters have dragged their feet about testing, even though they all have young adult grandchildren on the verge of building lives and families. This information could be vital in their decision to have children—or not.

As much as I hate needles, I was tested last fall. What’s that saying? Knowing is half the battle. While I’m not showing any symptoms of hATTR amyloidosis, I did test positive for the genetic variant. The way I see it, my dark cloud is lined with a double layer of silver: I don’t have children, so this branch of the variant stops with me, and by knowing the results now, I’m better prepared should I start seeing signs of this disease down the road.

Genetic Testing 101

One option for genetic testing is through the Alnylam Act® program. Alnylam Pharmaceuticals is sponsoring no-charge, third-party genetic testing and counseling for individuals who may carry one of the 120 or more gene variants known to be associated with hATTR amyloidosis. The Alnylam Act program was created to provide access to genetic testing and counseling to patients as a way to help people make more informed decisions about their health. While Alnylam provides financial support for this program, tests and services are performed by independent third parties. Healthcare professionals must confirm that patients meet certain criteria to use the program. Alnylam receives de-identified patient data from this program, but at no time does Alnylam receive patient-identifiable information. Alnylam may use healthcare professional contact information for research purposes. Both genetic testing and genetic counseling are available in the U.S. and Canada. Healthcare professionals or patients who use this program have no obligation to recommend, purchase, order, prescribe, promote, administer, use or support any Alnylam product. In addition, no patients, healthcare professionals, or payers, including government payers, are billed for this program.

For more information about hATTR amyloidosis and genetic testing, please visit Alnylam’s The Bridge® and Alnylam Act.

For additional information and support check these resources:
o Amyloidosis Foundation: amyloidosis.org
o Amyloidosis Support Groups: amyloidosissupport.org
o Amyloidosis Research Consortium: arci.org
o The Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy: www.foundationforpn.org/
o National Organization for Rare Disorders: rarediseases.org
o Global Genes: globalgenes.org

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals does not endorse and is not responsible for the content on sites that are not owned and operated by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.

Content sponsored and provided by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Intended for U.S. audiences only.

The Bridge and Alnylam Act are registered trademarks of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. © 2023 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. All rights reserved.

TTR02-USA-01004-V3

The post We Have What? hATTR Amyloidosis: My Family’s Journey appeared first on Black Health Matters.

African Americans are More Susceptible to Risk Factors

You may not be surprised that the African American population typically has more risk factors for dementia. Even those they share with different ethnicities and multiracial people, affect the race disproportionately. Some risk factors lead to others. Many are unavoidable, but some could be lessened with better education and resources within mainly black communities.

• Age: The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as you get older, with the highest risk after age 85. We should note that caucasians still have a longer lifespan, on average, compared to blacks, but that the life-expectancy gap has narrowed significantly in recent years.
• High Blood Pressure: More black men are diagnosed with hypertension than white males. The disparity between black and white women is even more significant.
• Vascular Conditions: While this is still being studied, those with chronic vascular conditions may be at higher risk.
• Stress and Depression: It’s well documented that African American communities experience higher rates of depression and related symptoms of stress due to racism, segregation, socioeconomic barriers, and more. Stress directly contributes to cognitive decline later in life.
• Diabetes: Stress and many of the same risk factors can lead to diabetes, which creates another risk factor for dementia.
• Heart Disease and Stroke: Vascular dementia is typically caused by a stroke but may be caused by any condition that reduces or blocks blood flow to parts of the brain, damaging brain tissue.
• Obesity: It hasn’t yet been proven that weight contributes directly to the risk of developing dementia. However, obesity does increase your risk of diabetes and heart disease. All three can be decreased with a healthy lifestyle.
• Family History: There appears to be DNA unique to African American populations making them more susceptible to dementia. If you have a family member with Alzheimer’s Disease, you should be screened regularly and limit your risk factors.
• Exposure to Pollution: One study suggests that those living in neighborhoods with higher levels of environmental pollution are at higher risk of developing dementia.

Many View Dementia and Aging Differently

African American adults perceive their health and the health care system differently than others, especially compared to white men. Some misperceptions may come from a lack of health education, and others from previous experiences, either their own or people they know. However, the Alzheimer’s Association reports that more than half of black people believe that significant memory loss is natural as they get older, and only about a third are concerned as symptoms develop. Even more startling is that these numbers are despite nearly two-thirds of Black Americans knowing someone with some form of dementia and severe memory problems.

Healthcare Discrimination Affects Patients and Caregivers

Discrimination is a significant part of black history. Healthcare disparity is one of the ways in which black communities are still affected by it, and there are several reasons these racial inequalities persist. Neighborhoods comprised mainly of African Americans often don’t have enough clinics or hospitals. If they do, they may not have access to the latest technology, or those who live there might not be able to afford it. The rates of low-income health insurance are higher in primarily black communities, which can limit the care received.

Even within these neighborhoods, there is a lack of diversity among providers, making it challenging for patients and caregivers to find a doctor with the same ethnic background. Caregivers may find navigating the healthcare system more difficult, especially with some types of insurance, like Medicare, because they haven’t done it before, and the processes can be confusing. Finding a caseworker or other advocate is a hurdle that many family members face when a loved one is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease or dementia.

Blacks are Less Likely to Receive an Early Diagnosis

Even though black people are up to two times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s Disease than the general population, only a third will receive a correct dementia diagnosis and begin a treatment plan on the first visit compared to white patients. In total, African American patients are 10% less likely to receive a diagnosis of dementia at all even as the disease progresses and the first symptoms develop.

Cultural perceptions delay care for memory problems because many believe it to be a natural part of aging. Black people often won’t see a doctor until more severe signs of dementia develop, like hallucinations and behavioral symptoms. This makes it less likely they will be diagnosed early on. Discrimination may play a factor, as it seems that many patients need to exhibit more severe symptoms to warrant a dementia diagnosis than white patients. Some people may not have access to health care due to socioeconomic status, even with low-income options and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). In 2018, it was reported that 9.7 percent of black racial groups were uninsured compared to only 5.4 percent of Caucasians.

The Cost of Care is Typically Higher

The cost of medical care for those in the early stages of dementia is much lower. Many patients can still live at home with a family member as long as they have supervision until the disease progresses and memory loss worsens. However, this assumes a treatment plan only for mild cognitive impairment. Managing behavioral symptoms can be much more costly, including in-patient care in a facility designed for more advanced cognitive decline. According to UsAgainstAlzheimer’s, the cost of treatment of dementia and dementia-related illnesses in the United States for African Americans was over $71 billion in 2012. With the number of cases of dementia estimated to double overall by 2060, these costs will become astronomical, especially for those seeking care for more advanced stages of the disease.

Survival Rates Vary Among Ethnic Groups

It’s difficult to find a consistent answer when determining how long individuals living with dementia will live past their diagnosis. A study by the University of Southern California School of Gerontology found that the African American population with dementia had one of the shortest survival rates, only slightly longer than caucasians. One published by the National Institutes of Health places black people above both white and indigenous populations. However, we should note that many develop Alzheimer’s much earlier than they seek treatment, so their survival rates would be much longer had they received an early diagnosis at the onset of memory problems.

The Black Population is Under-Represented in Studies

Rena A.S. Robinson has been studying Alzheimer’s Disease on a molecular level, looking for a biological reason for the disproportional number of African Americans with dementia. While this research is vital, and you can read more about it below, she found something equally as significant regarding understanding how these statistics could be misinterpreted. Her research shows that most clinical trials rarely represent the actual U.S. population. On average, these studies include approximately 5% blacks, yet they comprise around 13% of the total population. This could lead to skewed results.

There is a Possible Biological Vulnerability

A recent study began by evaluating past medical research reports including over 1,200 people ranging from age 43 to 104. Researchers discovered that approximately one-third had symptoms of the early stages of dementia-related memory loss. They then used brain scans and spinal fluid samples to test for two biological markers indicating Alzheimer’s Disease. Amyloid plaques were the same regardless of ethnic background. However, in the study, spinal fluid from African Americans showed significantly lower levels of tau proteins. These levels seemed to correlate to the APOE4 gene directly. In other studies, this gene has shown an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease even in those who are white, but the risk factor may not be as profound in black people. Still, tau proteins may mean that the African American population has a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s or other related dementias.

What is Being Done to Address These Disparities?

More Diverse Medical Research

Based on previous studies, new ones are underway to dive deeper into the reasons behind these staggering statistics. One example is the Health and Aging Brain Study by the HSC Institute for Translational Research. This study has been funded by several prominent organizations, including the National Institutes of Health, to understand better how Alzheimer’s Disease affects those with various ethnic backgrounds. Other studies continue to research amyloid plaques and tau proteins to better understand how they affect brain changes by race.

Health Education Programs

Education is becoming available at every level of health care, from neighborhood clinics to large universities like the University of Kansas Medical Center. At this university, a free program offers resources and tools for those most impacted by memory loss and encourages participation in their clinical trials. The community benefits from access to more resources like promoting a healthy lifestyle, and the research studies benefit from more engagement with the community. Programs like this are available or being developed around the country.

Caregiver Support Groups

Being a caregiver for a family member with memory loss is hard, even when you don’t face the additional challenges of discrimination and socioeconomic hardship. Caregiver support groups like the African American Dementia Caregiver Support Program and others near you or online may help you deal with everyday struggles and learn about additional resources available. If you support someone with impaired thinking skills, there are people available to support you as well.

Fighting the Disparities in Dementia

There are still many challenges, especially as the number of Americans with dementia symptoms rises. However, with continued efforts to combat risk factors, more clinical trials being funded, and additional resources being made available for vulnerable neighborhoods and socioeconomic groups, our black communities can defy the projections and become stronger against Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias. Support is available for people living with dementia, caregivers of any age, and even providers educating their patients.

The post Surprising Facts About Alzheimer’s And Black People appeared first on Black Health Matters.

It’s important to keep in mind that diabetes is a risk factor for other severe health problems like heart disease, kidney failure, and high blood pressure. It is vital to prevent it if at all possible, especially if you have increased risk due to family history or other related serious health problems.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Insulin is a hormone that helps your body use the sugars you eat as energy. Type 2 diabetes results in insulin resistance, meanin your cells don’t respond to insulin as they should. When insulin resistance starts to occur, your pancreas produces insulin and responds by producing more of it. This works for a little while, but eventually, you won’t have enough insulin to metabolize all the sugars you eat. Sugars that aren’t metabolized into energy will cause your blood sugar level, also called blood glucose level, to rise. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and needs to be managed carefully, as high blood glucose can affect the health of both mom and baby.

High blood glucose will lead to other health problems over time, like heart disease or kidney disease, so it’s important to manage the condition closely with your healthcare provider. Better yet, you should take steps to prevent diabetes, especially if you’ve been diagnosed with prediabetes.

Can You Prevent It?

Assess Your Health and Habits

The first step to making positive change that will help you prevent diabetes is to assess your current health and related habits. Do you usually drink a lot of soda, or do you prefer water? Are you primarily sedentary, or is physical activity part of your routine? Are you already at higher risk due to your family history? You may need to modify your lifestyle. Take some time to think about your current health problems and why it’s essential to adjust your habits to better match your health goals. You’ll find your inspiration and motivation to make lasting changes from here.

Get Enough Rest

Poor sleep can result in higher blood sugar levels and an increased risk of diabetes. While research studies are still underway to find just how sleep can and can’t impact glucose and how the body processes sugar, we already know several critical ways in which it does. The first is that cortisol levels increase with even mild sleep deprivation. High cortisol levels are linked with increased blood glucose. Sleep deprivation can also increase insulin resistance, making it harder for your body to process sugars. When sleep deprivation becomes chronic, so can insulin resistance. Cortisol levels can even be impacted by the time of day you sleep.

You don’t need to lose out on much sleep for your body (and blood sugar) to start feeling the effects. Oxidative stress within the body begins to damage your cells and affects how they function. Your glucose levels will rise as you feel more overwhelmed throughout the day because you are tired. You may even feel like you need an extra latte or an energy drink to help you get through the afternoon, which will increase blood glucose. It is our body’s natural response and also our habits that contribute to poor health. Getting a good night’s sleep every night helps restore our energy for the next day and maintains good health overall.

Create a Nutrition Plan

It can be hard to plan meals you enjoy, especially if you have to cut out favorite foods and recipes you love. However, once you find new, healthier options that you crave just as much, it won’t be as hard to head to the dinner table. It may be tempting to follow a diet you found on social media or a subscription box service that offers “everything you need.” However, many of these diets lead to weight fluctuation, rarely include foods that meet your dietary needs, and might not even have things you enjoy eating. Your best bet is to follow the guidelines below and create your own menu.

• Portion Sizes: Johns Hopkins recommends more than half of every meal include non-starchy vegetables, a quarter each of lean protein like chicken or fish, and healthy carbs like whole grains.
• High Fiber Intake: You should include 25 to 30 grams of fiber daily. High-fiber foods include some types of nuts, fruits, and berries. Try a popcorn snack if you’re a little shy of your goal for the day!
• Reduce Sugar and Refined Carbohydrates: Switch your soda for flavored water, eat fresh instead of canned fruit, eat smaller portions of sweets, or try a sweetener alternative. There are many ways to reduce refined sugar, and you might lower your risk of heart disease.

Start Moving (Even if You Start Slow)

Physical inactivity can lead to high blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and poor blood circulation resulting in dilated blood vessels. According to the American Diabetes Association, the “magic number” is 150 minutes of exercise weekly. This might seem like a considerable number, but by breaking it down and including fun activities, especially with others, you can get through it much easier than you think. For example, when you get to work, why not walk around the building once or twice before heading inside to your desk? Or what about walking with your co-workers during lunch? Playing with the kids after school counts, and so does a class at the gym where you’ll meet other exercise-minded individuals. If you can’t start with 150 minutes, that’s okay. Start where you are comfortable and aim to add 10-15 minutes each week. Once you do, you’ll see healthier blood glucose levels.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

You’ll most likely start losing weight with plenty of rest, good food, and regular activity. Being overweight or obese puts you at increased risk, and losing even a few pounds can significantly affect how you feel every day, both physically and mentally. Studies have shown that African American women are typically heavier than white women and have a harder time maintaining weight loss. If you are struggling, it’s not just you, but it is worth the effort. Be sure to speak with your healthcare provider for recommendations. They may suggest dietary changes or a local weight loss support group.

Quit Smoking (You Have Help)

The FDA reports that those who smoke are 30-40% more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes. Smoking makes insulin less effective. If your body is already struggling with insulin resistance, smoking can worsen the problem and cause diabetes, even if you work hard to lessen other risk factors. Nicotine causes oxidative stress, damaging your cells like sleep deprivation does. Because nicotine is a stimulant, it may keep you from getting restful sleep, compounding the effects of stress and worsening the problem. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of developing many other health problems, including cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, and stroke. If you are a smoker and need help quitting, talk to your healthcare provider, visit the CDC’s free resource page, or call 1-800-QUIT-NOW.

Drink in Moderation

Drinking alcohol could help lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. It’s also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and other health problems in the black population. However, it should be in moderation and limited to one serving per day for women and two for men. Higher alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, drastically increases your risk of both and can lead to additional health problems such as alcohol use disorder, high blood pressure, pancreatitis, and more.

Find Support (It’s Everywhere!)

Many black people in similar situations need support as well. Whether you need accountability for losing weight, a new fitness class to make “150” a lot more fun, free resources to help you stop smoking, or help from your doctor to find out why you have trouble sleeping, there is support for you along the way to a healthy lifestyle and preventing diabetes. The first step is deciding what you need help with. If you’re unsure where to find support, start with family, friends, or healthcare providers. Chances are, someone can point you in the right direction.

Join the “Lifestyle Change Program”

If you aren’t finding the support you need or need a little more guidance, try the Lifestyle Change Program. This educational program is recognized by the CDC and walks you through how to assess your current habits, create a nutrition plan that works for you, including physical activity every week, deal with stress, lose weight, and even get back on track if you’ve gotten thrown off. The lifestyle coach can adapt each session to meet the cultural needs of the group, including suggestions for meals that match your ethnic background, especially during holidays. They can even offer resources on local events that match your interests and social needs. You may meet other African Americans with similar interests that become accountability partners and friends, helping each other stay healthy long after the group ends.

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes May Be Possible. Why Not Try?

Black racial groups are disproportionately affected by diabetes, but that doesn’t mean you can’t take steps to prevent it, especially if you are at higher risk of insulin resistance due to family history. Consult your healthcare provider for guidance if you’ve already been diagnosed with prediabetes because of your blood sugar levels. However, following a healthier lifestyle is just one way in which black people can combat not only diabetes but the many associated health problems like kidney failure, nerve damage, and vascular diseases. Are you ready to make healthy changes?

The post 9 Ways To Prevent Diabetes While Maintaining Good Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What Are The Types of Heart Disease?

First, let’s define heart disease. There isn’t just one type of heart disease, so it’s essential to see a primary care physician regularly to catch any signs of one early. You’ll find the most common ones listed below.

• Heart Attacks: A heart attack is caused by a blood clot restricting blood flow to part of the heart. While that part of the heart muscle may become injured, unable to pump blood like usual, it will typically heal with time. Most people associate chest pain with a heart attack.
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This is the most common type of heart disease. Many people aren’t aware that they have coronary heart disease until they have a heart attack. It is caused by a build-up of plaque in the arteries, restricting blood flow.
• Stroke: There are two types of stroke. The most common is an ischemic stroke, when a blood clot blocks an artery that feeds the brain, restricting blood flow. If brain cells don’t get enough blood, they begin to die, and the effects may become permanent.
• Heart Failure: Also called congestive heart failure, or CHF, heart failure means that the heart can’t work well enough to meet your body’s needs. Because it’s not working as well as it should, the heart has to work harder, which can lead to other symptoms of heart disease. It’s vital to treat heart failure promptly.
• Arrhythmia: The heart is controlled by electrical signals that force it to pump blood. An arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of those signals. They could be too slow (bradycardia) or too fast (tachycardia), but there are many different types of arrhythmia.
• Heart Valve Problems: The valves in the heart control the direction of blood flow. If they aren’t working correctly, it could cause stenosis or regurgitation, when blood is allowed to move forward or backward when it shouldn’t.

What Are the Risk Factors? Can You Prevent Heart Disease?

The Mayo Clinic breaks down the extensive list of things that put everyone at higher risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) and other heart diseases, many of which can lead to heart attack or stroke. You can’t control several of them, such as age, gender, family history, and ethnicity. However, you can significantly reduce your risk by addressing other factors, such as:

• Smoking: Nicotine and other substances damage blood vessels and significantly increase your risk of heart disease
• Diet: A poor diet is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and one of the easiest to change right away
• Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight can go a long way toward maintaining a healthy heart
• Exercise: A lack of exercise can lead to poor blood flow, which can then lead to a higher risk for heart disease
• Stress: High stress can lead to high blood pressure and other related risk factors like poor diet
• Dental Health: Endocarditis is a heart infection common in those with poor dental health

In addition to the risk factors listed above, you should address any health concerns with your doctor. Be sure to manage existing medical conditions, like high blood pressure and high cholesterol, with diet or medication if needed. If you have diabetes, you should work closely with your physician to manage your blood glucose levels, weight, and other related health conditions with a routine physical exam.

How Do These Risk Factors Affect Black African American Communities?

The risk factors for heart disease listed above apply to everyone and it’s easy to see why heart and blood vessel disease is the leading cause of death among all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. However, heart disease risk disproportionately affects black people because of the communities in which they live. Residential segregation is still a problem in many areas of the country, contributing to this public health issue.

According to a study published by the American Journal of Kidney Diseases (AJKD), African American communities suffer from many social and environmental determinants that put their residents at higher risk of coronary artery disease, blood vessel disease, high blood pressure, sudden cardiac arrest, and other heart-related medical conditions.

Social Contributors

Most African American communities in the United States are poorer than those comprised mostly of non-Hispanic white residents. While poverty rates are improving, according to the 2019 census, residential segregation still causes black communities to remain poorer. Housing policies have encouraged residential segregation into the present day, keeping these communities largely isolated, with low-quality housing, fewer adequate job opportunities, and restricted access to education.

With lower incomes, African populations are less likely to have health insurance, making it more challenging to receive the routine medical care that would help prevent heart disease or the health conditions that are risk factors for it. Residents in these communities may not be aware of the importance of health care or where to find it. They may not receive proper health education in their local schools or drop out of school before learning about their health or the community resources available to them.

Environmental Contributors

Black communities also have higher heart disease rates because of environmental factors. Less funding for health care and other resources for their residents means higher rates of developing heart disease later in life but also congenital heart defects in newborns. However, pollution in low-income areas also affects many health conditions. The Harvard School of Public Health reports that racial and ethnic groups are much more likely to be exposed to air pollution, leading to respiratory illnesses and many other related health conditions.

Because lack of exercise and obesity are significant risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease, black African American communities become health hazards in several ways. Without funding, these areas rarely have adequate access to green spaces, safe public parks, and properly maintained walking paths. Most neighborhoods don’t have community centers that offer a gym or scheduled meetings for exercise and other social activities. Those with a center often lack funding to maintain the building or equipment. Neighborhood violence is, in itself, a public health concern, but it adds to heart health risks due to the added stress on the residents of these communities.

How Bad is This Problem? The Statistics are Alarming

The aforementioned AKJD study tracked the diversity and prevalence of heart disease in 25 major metropolitan areas over 30 years. It also calls for more community partnerships to help address the issue of heart disease in different ethnic groups. While the statistics in these cities are concerning, this problem is not isolated to a few locations.

The latest statistics from the Office of Minority Health show how widespread this problem is. Let’s look at them.

• Those with African ancestry are 30% more likely to die from heart disease
• African Americans over 18 are 40% more likely to have high blood pressure
• Black people with high blood pressure are less likely to have it under control
• Black men are more likely to smoke than non-Hispanic white men
• If they smoke, black men are less likely to receive advice or resources to quit

Why is Heart Disease so Common in Black Women?

African American women are almost 60% more likely to suffer from high blood pressure than non-Hispanic white women, and stroke is one of the leading causes of death among black women. Even more startling is that almost 40% of black women aren’t aware that chest pain is one of the noticeable symptoms of a heart attack. These statistics show how vital it is to take health care within the black community more seriously.

Black women are more likely to suffer from diabetes and obesity, putting them at higher risk of heart attack and stroke. No matter the type of heart disease, lifestyle changes are the first step to decreasing the risk of sudden cardiac arrest, but it isn’t the only one you can take.

What is Being Done to Address Heart Diseases Among African Americans?

Thankfully, actions are available at every level, from community organizations to the federal government, to help correct the disparity in health care and education. Collecting data and conducting scientific research at the national level allows for better distribution of funding. For example, local community health organizations can now apply for grants through state and government programs. These programs are designed to spread awareness and help treat those with heart conditions in underserved communities.

Healthcare workers within these neighborhoods can educate their patients about resources for low-income households. These resources may include opportunities to attend a school with grants or vocational rehabilitation programs to enter higher-paying career fields. Faith-based and non-profit organizations can bolster their outreach services into underprivileged communities.

In Conclusion

Heart disease risk among African populations in the US will only improve by treating the communities as well as those who live there. If you are experiencing heart disease or chest pain symptoms, you should seek medical care as soon as possible. A family history of heart disease is not the only reason to eat a healthy diet and take care of your physical health. Make lifestyle changes, and be sure to locate neighborhood resources. While the health statistics are shocking, they don’t need to stay that way. Awareness, resources, and advocacy about heart diseases in black communities can change the tide.

The post The Shocking Truth Behind Heart Disease In The Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, as many as 5.8 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, and Blacks are about twice as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to develop AD and other forms of dementia Among Black Americans ages 70 and older, 21.3% are living with AD. Blacks are also carrying a disproportionate burden of the overall national cost for AD, which is mainly from caregiving costs, as well as loss of income and productivity, according to Stephanie Monroe, director of the African American Network Against Alzheimer’s. “Alzheimer’s is costing Blacks generations and generations of income and wealth that’s been built since the Civil Rights era,” Monroe told Caregiver Crossing, a podcast focused on caregiving.

Researchers are still examining why Blacks are impacted disproportionately by AD. Studies show that it’s a combination of socioeconomic disparities, higher rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease, and genetics. Lack of participation in trials is another contributing factor. Last year, the National Institute on Aging, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, launched an online tool, OutreachPro, to help researchers and clinicians increase awareness and participation in clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, especially among traditionally underrepresented communities. The tool, launched at the 2021 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Denver, allows researchers, clinicians, and trial administrators to create and customize outreach materials such as websites, handouts, videos, and social media posts with an emphasis on reaching traditionally underrepresented communities. “Outreach Pro was designed to provide well-tested and culturally appropriate outreach materials that resonate with diverse populations and encourage them to participate in clinical trials,” said Dr. Holly Massett, Ph.D., Senior Advisor on Clinical Research and Engagement at NIA, who oversees the implementation of the national strategy.

Researchers have begun to focus on having diverse participant populations in clinical trials. In the AHEAD Study, extensive efforts have been made to include underrepresented populations.

The study is designed to evaluate a potential treatment to slow the earliest brain changes and help prevent symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease. It’s the first  AD research study to recruit people as young as 55 years old who are at risk of developing symptoms of the disease as they get older.

In order to qualify for the study, potential participants are adults ages 55-80 who have not been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or another dementia. The treatment is experimental and participation is approximately 4 years with a variety of options available to accommodate participants’ busy schedules. Most study sites provide reimbursement for travel and a stipend for attending study visits.  Those interested in participating in the AHEAD study can apply here.

The post The Need for More Black Representation in Alzheimer’s Clinical Trials appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Developed over a century ago, Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat based on height and weight. It doesn’t measure body fat directly, but instead uses an equation to make an approximation. However, BMI can help determine whether a person is at an unhealthy or healthy weight.

Often, a high BMI can be a sign of too much fat on the body, while a low BMI can be a sign of too little fat on the body. The higher a person’s BMI, the greater their chances of developing certain serious conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. A very low BMI can also cause health problems, including bone loss, decreased immune function, and anemia.

While BMI can be useful in screening children and adults for body weight problems, it does have its limits. BMI may overestimate the amount of body fat in athletes and other people with very muscular bodies. It may also underestimate the amount of body fat in older adults and other people who have lost muscle mass.

Adult BMI Calculator

More recently, BMI has been challenged for its discrepancies because it may misclassify rates of overweight and obesity in historically marginalized ethnic populations, particularly Black women.

Given that the BMI was developed based on studies in white populations, its ability to accurately classify overweight and obesity in other populations has been questioned. High BMI bodies have been stigmatized as “diseased bodies” in both scientific literature and media messaging.

Furthermore, those with high BMI bodies have been characterized as lacking willpower. For people and populations that BMI misclassifies as overweight, there can be social and medical consequences.

ALTERNATIVE HEALTH METRICS FOR BLACK WOMEN

Here are two health metrics aside from BMI that may be more accurate for Black women.

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE

While the BMI is a good predictor of your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, it’s more accurate when combined with waist circumference measures.

Waist circumference measures abdominal adiposity—the excess fat around organs—and is an independent predictor of heart disease and type 2 diabetes risks.

Traditional recommendations indicate that waist circumference should be less than 35 inches (88 cm) in women and less than 40 inches (102 cm) in men.

WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO (WHR)

Another measure of abdominal obesity is the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), which is a strong predictor of metabolic risk and heart disease.

Combining this measure with the BMI produces strong insights into patterns of body fat storage and health risk.

According to an older report from the World Health Organization, an ideal WHR is less than 0.85 for women, and 0.9 for men.

BMI relates weight to height and is an estimate of body fat and disease risk, although it’s not an accurate measure of body composition.

CONCLUSION

More research is needed to clarify how BMI impacts people of African descent and whether ethnic differences in body structure are clinically significant for disease outcomes.

Even though Black Americans have been shown to have lower body fat percentage and higher muscle masses, BMI may misclassify them as overweight or obese, since it doesn’t take variation in body composition into account.

Plus, studies indicate that structural racism specifically leads to higher BMIs among Black women, potentially making the BMI an unfair metric for this population.

Try this today: In addition to monitoring your BMI, you may want to keep track of your waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. And speak with a medical professional for help understanding what your numbers mean for you.

The post What Does Your BMI Say? What Black Women Should Know appeared first on Black Health Matters.

There is no preventative treatment for RSV yet (scientists are working on it!), but it helps to learn more about this potentially serious virus. Here are a few surprising facts about RSV you may not have known. Talk to your doctor for more information.

1. It’s Hard to Tell the Difference Between RSV and a Cold at First

The first symptoms of RSV are usually mild and may include a runny nose, decreased appetite, coughing, sneezing and fever. And while those symptoms are present in nearly every childhood illness, the difference with RSV is that things can go downhill very quickly, especially with babies.

Kristina Deeter, pediatric intensivist and medical director at Pediatrix Critical Care and Hospitalists of Nevada, explains that there are two main symptoms that parents often miss: 1. Baby is breathing very fast; 2. Baby is having brief pauses in their breathing. “Any baby that is having trouble breathing or eating should be seen immediately so they can be assessed before things get worse,” she says.

2. Anyone Can Get RSV

RSV is commonly considered a virus that only affects babies and children, but the truth is, anyone can get RSV (and actually, nearly every human will). Most recover from the virus within a few weeks, but some people will be more at risk for complications, including children under the age of 2, adults over the age of 65 and anyone who has a medical condition or suppressed immune system.

“This risk is increased in premature babies, babies with conditions that affect the lungs such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, babies with congenital heart disease and babies with Down syndrome,” adds Rachel Buck, DO, Phoenix Children’s Pediatrics in Paradise Valley, Arizona. Additionally, having smoke present in the home increases the risk of complications from RSV.

3. Even Healthy Babies Can Get Very Sick from RSV

While the risk of serious complications from RSV is greater in babies with other conditions, it’s also important to understand that RSV does not discriminate. In fact, the majority of hospitalizations from RSV are babies who were born with no underlying health concerns. Dr. Buck explains that RSV is a lower respiratory infection that affects the bronchioles (the small airways in the lungs), and because babies’ airways are so small, the virus can become more dangerous. So be on the watch for symptoms in baby that could include difficulty breathing and eating, dehydration and pauses in their breathing.

4. You Can Get RSV More Than Once

Unfortunately, just because baby has had RSV once, doesn’t necessarily mean that they won’t get it again. RSV, like many other viruses, can strike more than once. Fortunately, however, Victoria Regan, MD, a pediatrician with Children’s Memorial Hermann in Houston, says that if your baby does get infected twice, subsequent infections are likely to be more mild than the first round.

5. Most Cases of RSV Can be Treated at Home

The good news is, while RSV can be severe for certain groups, Dr. Regan says most cases of RSV can be successfully treated at home with strategies like making sure your baby is hydrated, using a cool-mist humidifier, clearing your baby’s nose with saline and a suction device and using over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers as appropriate. She notes that less than 3 percent of babies will require hospitalization for RSV.

6. Breast Milk Has Antibodies Against RSV

We all know breast milk can be liquid gold in many ways, and according to Dr. Regan, breast milk also contains a special antibody that can specifically help fight RSV—so if you’re a nursing parent, keep offering your baby all the breast milk they want!

7. You Can Help Protect Your Baby With One Simple Step

As we learn more about the serious symptoms of RSV, Patricia N. Whitley-Williams, MD, immediate past president of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), explains that handwashing is one of the most important things you can do to help prevent RSV in your home.

Other ways you can help prevent the spread of RSV include:

• Cover coughs and sneezes (looking at you, older siblings!).
• Avoid letting others have close contact with baby when they are sick, such as kissing baby.
• Don’t touch faces with unwashed hands.
• Clean frequently touched surfaces, like phones and doorknobs.
• Talk to baby’s healthcare professional for additional information about RSV.

As parents, it can be so challenging to navigate sickness with our kids, especially in light of the past two years. But the most important thing to remember is that you don’t have to make those decisions alone—finding a trusted physician you can turn to when you have questions makes all the difference. “Parents are always the best judge, and we as pediatricians rely on them to alert us if their child appears ill,” says Robin Jacobson, MD, medical director for pediatrics at NYU Langone Medical Associates. In other words? You know your child best, so don’t hesitate to call your doctor or seek medical attention if you think something is wrong.

Article reposted from TheBump.com.

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